USAID Funding and Development Strategy in Colombia

Spotlight on the overlap of peace and security through USAID funding in Colombia, highlighting the increase in peace-related funding post-Peace Accord. The USAID Colombia Development Strategy (2020-2025) is discussed along with the challenges in localization and transparency. Publicly available data for 2021 and 2022 is reported as incomplete.

• USAID Funding
• Development Strategy
• Peace and Security
• Colombia
• Peace Accord

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2. Open government & USAID funding in Colombia

3. Context: Publicly available U.S. foreign assistance data is incomplete for FY2020-23

6. Spotlight: Where "peace and security" overlap U.S. government funding of demining in Colombia The official U.S. Category Name Peace and Security" combines very different priorities, complicating the identification of the U.S. contribution to Peace Accord implementation. Yet, the U.S. State Department's contribution to demining is an example of where peace, security, and humanitarian priorities overlap. The agency which actually obligates and disburses the U.S. foreign assistance, either directly or via an implementing partner entity. The implementing agency for a foreign assistance activity may or may not differ from the appropriated (funding) agency.

7. Background: USAID Colombia Development Strategy (2020-2025)

8. Finding: USAID peace-related funding increased incrementally after the Peace Accord

11. Finding: USAID funding is up, while localization and transparency lag o

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16. Public data is reported as not complete for 2021 and 2022.

17. Public data is reported as not complete for 2021 and 2022.

18. Public data is reported as not complete for 2021 and 2022;

19. Organization's Primary Headquarters Italy United States Switzerland United States United States United States Value of Disbursements Receiving Organization (Colombia 2020) Type of Entity United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) Chemonics International, Inc. International Organisation for Migration Mercy Corps ARD, Inc. Action Against Hunger Agriculture Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance (ACDI/VOCA) Management Systems International Fintrac, Inc. USAID redacted this field in accordance with the exceptions outlined in the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016. Americares U.S. Government - U.S. Agency for International Development U.S. Government - Department of Agriculture Adventist Development and Relief Agency International United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Pan-American Health Organisation American Red Cross Caritas Colombiana International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women $68,551,621 $42,695,804 $34,965,167 $27,840,433 $19,237,856 $15,772,660 UN Agency Private UN Agency NGO Private NGO $15,657,282 United States NGO $14,602,736 $14,108,014 United States United States Private Private $7,561,100 United States Global program $5,368,803 United States NGO $5,135,756 United States Global program $4,157,407 United States Global program $3,279,272 United States NGO $2,500,000 Switzerland UN Agency $2,433,963 $2,342,688 $2,312,704 United States United States Vatican City UN Agency NGO Private $2,115,006 Switzerland NGO $1,871,885 United States UN Agency

20. Value of Disbursements Organization's Primary Headquarters Type of Entity Receiving Organization (Colombia 2020) Patrimonio Natural Fundaci n Luker Consultoria para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento Cooperativa Colanta Ltda Fondo para la Acci n Ambiental y la Ni ez Universidad de los Andes Bancama [sic] Jaime Arteaga & Asociados Fundaci n Barco $1,707,165 $1,259,220 Colombia Colombia NGO NGO $1,041,144 Colombia NGO $967,477 $935,104 $877,786 $876,051 $750,884 $651,384 Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Private Private Academia Private Private NGO Federaci n Nacional de Comerciantes FENALCO Seccional $625,748 Colombia Private Fundaci n Carvajal Corporacion Manos Visibles Asociaci n Probienestar de la Familia Colombiana Profamilia Fundaci n Ideas para la Paz Corporaci n Interactuar Arcangeles Centro de Estudios M dicos Interculturales Consejo Comunitario Mayor de la Asociaci n Campesina Integral Fundaci n Para El Desarrollo De Antioquia Antioquia Por Colombia Fundaci n Prolongar $601,051 $600,000 Colombia Colombia NGO NGO $512,235 Colombia Private $489,051 $415,659 $313,708 $275,000 Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Private NGO NGO NGO $120,000 Colombia NGO $94,000 Colombia NGO $88,000 Colombia Private Corporaci n Misi n de Observaci n Electoral $57,826 Colombia NGO Fundaci n Pacifista $33,873 Colombia Private

21. Organization's Primary Headquarters Italy United States United States United States Switzerland United States United States Value of Disbursements Receiving Organization (Colombia 2021) Type of Entity United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) ARD, Inc. Chemonics International, Inc. Mercy Corps International Organisation for Migration Management Systems International Action Against Hunger Agriculture Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance (ACDI/VOCA) USAID redacted this field in accordance with the exceptions outlined in the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016. Fintrac, Inc. U.S. Government - U.S. Agency for International Development Development Alternatives, Inc. Americares International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Freedom House Pan-American Development Foundation Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA Somalia) Solidarites International Associaci n Nacional De Afrocolombianos Desplazados World Vision $93,583,186 $38,341,431 $35,596,368 $30,573,482 $30,433,048 $25,801,906 $22,024,372 UN Agency Private Private NGO UN Agency Private NGO $19,517,800 United States NGO Global program $18,121,005 United States $14,577,927 United States Private Global program Private NGO $9,171,589 United States $8,024,077 $7,130,660 United States United States $5,965,398 Switzerland NGO $3,886,586 $3,110,904 United States United States NGO NGO $2,880,821 United States NGO $2,871,573 France NGO $2,750,000 Colombia NGO $2,109,792 United States NGO

22. Value of Disbursements Organization's Primary Headquarters Type of Entity Receiving Organization (Colombia 2021) Associaci n Nacional De Afrocolombianos Desplazados (& Organizaci n Nacional Ind gena de Colombia, ONIC) $2,750,000 Colombia NGO Consultoria para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento $1,777,214 Colombia NGO Fundaci n Luker Bancama [sic] Corporaci n Manos Visibles Cooperativa Colanta Ltda Centro de Estudios M dicos Interculturales Fundaci n Carvajal Jaime Arteaga & Asociados Arcangeles Patrimonio Natural Corporaci n Interactuar Consejo Comunitario Mayor de la Asociaci n Campesina Integral $1,599,784 $1,514,990 $1,329,411 $757,859 $659,490 $639,740 $619,450 $519,702 $504,628 $477,824 Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia NGO Private NGO Private NGO NGO Private NGO NGO NGO $450,000 Colombia NGO Universidad de los Andes $399,251 Colombia Academia Federaci n Nacional de Comerciantes FENALCO Seccional $347,681 Colombia Private Fundaci n Barco $336,121 Colombia NGO Fundaci n Ideas para la Paz Asociaci n Probienestar de la Familia Colombiana Profamilia Fundaci n Pacifista Fundaci n Prolongar Fondo para la Acci n Ambiental y la Ni ez $231,043 $123,901 $92,500 $32,557 $12,300 Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Colombia Private Private Private Private Private

23. Organization's Primary Headquarters Value of Disbursements Receiving Organization (Colombia 2022) Type of Entity United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) $86,822,801 Italy UN Agency ARD, Inc. $42,572,421 United States Private Chemonics International, Inc. $35,838,123 United States Private Mercy Corps $31,822,301 United States NGO Action Against Hunger $24,950,168 United States NGO Agriculture Cooperative Development International/Volunteers in Overseas Cooperative Assistance (ACDI/VOCA) $17,748,901 United States NGO International Organisation for Migration $16,074,787 Switzerland UN Agency Development Alternatives, Inc. $14,971,308 United States Private Pan-American Development Foundation $12,463,198 United States NGO Management Systems International USAID redacted this field in accordance with the exceptions outlined in the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016. Fintrac, Inc. $11,361,977 United States Private Global program $10,033,246 United States $9,061,100 United States Private Partners of the Americas, Inc. $8,541,100 United States NGO U.S. Government - U.S. Agency for International Development Global program $7,385,682 United States Freedom House $5,079,815 United States NGO Americares $4,583,359 United States NGO Save the Children Federation, Inc. $3,063,172 United Kingdom NGO FHI 360 $3,027,871 United States NGO Norwegian Refugee Council $2,999,999 Norway NGO Blumont Global Development $2,633,190 United States NGO

24. Value of Disbursements Organization's Primary Headquarters Receiving Organization (Colombia 2022) Type of Entity Consultoria para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento $2,002,397 Colombia NGO Bancama [sic] Associaci n Nacional De Afrocolombianos Desplazados (& Organizaci n Nacional Ind gena de Colombia, ONIC) Fundaci n Luker $1,853,852 Colombia Private $1,199,997 Colombia NGO $1,083,764 Colombia NGO Cooperativa Colanta Ltda $886,630 Colombia Private Fundaci n Carvajal $613,278 Colombia NGO Corporaci n Manos Visibles $578,552 Colombia NGO Corporaci n Interactuar $571,177 Colombia NGO Fundaci n Ideas para la Paz $471,574 Colombia Private Arcangeles $407,863 Colombia NGO Centro de Estudios M dicos Interculturales $279,427 Colombia NGO Jaime Arteaga & Asociados Consejo Comunitario Mayor de la Asociaci n Campesina Integral Fundacion Barco Fundaci n Capital Fundak Sucursal Colombiana $266,281 Colombia Private $231,717 Colombia NGO $73,800 Colombia NGO $50,000 Colombia NGO

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30. Project Name Implementing Partner Total Project Funding Obligated* as of July 12, 2023 Does the USAID fact sheet clearly identify the implementing partner? No No Does the USAID fact sheet list the total project budget? Does the USAID fact sheet portal page list an e-mail contact? Is project data searchable on USASpending using project name or implementing partner name? No Yes Does USASpending list sub-award data for the project? Does the USAID Evaluations dashboard provide project baseline, impact, or performance evaluation reports? Land for Prosperity Community Development and Licit Opportunities (CDLO) Paramos and Forests Activity Community Stabilization Activity (CSA) Responsive Governacne Resilient Communities Tetra Tech Tetra Tech $77,142,756 $71,548,083 No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Chemonics IOM DAI Pan American Development Foundation (PADF) Chemonics Management Systems International ACDI/VOCA $37,934,306 $31,174,669 $25,000,000 $21,453,386 No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Inclusive Justice Colombia Transforma $20,368,108 $20,191,131 No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Indigenous Peoples and Afro-Colombian Empowerment Activity (IPACE) Youth Resilience Weaving Lives and Hope Activity (WLH) Victims Participation And Collective Reparation Juntos Aprendemos $18,852,129 No No Yes Yes Yes No ACDI/VOCA IOM CODHES $18,419,207 $18,000,000 $16,433,207 No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No Partners of the Americas Chemonics World Wildlife Fund $15,987,000 No No Yes Yes Yes No Integra Amazon Indigenous Rights and Resources Activity (AIRR) Partners for Transparency Reactivation Colombia Amazon Alive Restoring Our Future Equitable Finance $15,250,000 $14,815,000 No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No DAI UNDP Chemonics IOM DAI $13,457,061 $11,800,498 $11,026,034 $8,000,000 $7,737,000 No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No

31. Evaluation Dashboard (New) Mid-Term Evaluation USAID Clearing House (Legacy) Mid-term Report Project Name Amount Project End Date Final Baseline Report Other Final Report Baseline Report Other Evaluation Consolidation and Enhanced Livelihood Initiative (CELI) Central Region $113,450,325 4/19/17 No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Conflict Victims Program: Institutional Strengthening Activity $102,193,389 6/30/22 No No No No No No No No Colombia Emergency Food Assistance $98,500,000 12/31/21 No No No No No No No No Consolidation and Enhanced Livelihood Initiative (CELI) Northern and Southern Regions $93,568,059 10/11/17 No Yes No No No No No Yes Emergency multipurpose cash and nutrition activities in Colombia $91,103,774 12/31/22 No No No No No No No No Community Oriented Reintegration of Ex-combatants $87,308,343 12/31/15 No No No No No No No Yes Land & Rural Development Activity $76,022,585 8/17/20 No Yes No No No Yes No Yes Reconciliation Activity Producers to Market Alliance Activity (PMA) $74,774,113 $70,080,554 3/21/22 9/30/22 Yes No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Afro-Colombian and Indigenous Program (ACIP) $61,207,071 10/31/16 No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Emergency program activities in Colombia. $60,269,169 11/30/22 No No No No No No No No Regional Governance Activity Humanitarian assistance $57,802,991 $56,307,166 9/30/21 Various Projects Yes No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No International Disaster Assistance for Colombia $50,000,001 8/31/20 No No No No No No No No Foster Social and Economic Inclusion of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous communities $50,000,001 6/30/21 Yes No No No No No No No Justice for a Sustainable Peace SWIFT IV Task Order for Colombia $45,536,987 $45,253,225 4/4/22 2/5/22 Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No OTI/Colombia task order [Colombia Transforma] $36,708,137 2/5/22 No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Program for Integrated Humanitarian Assistance Support to Internally Displaced Persons and Other Vulnerable Groups $36,521,606 3/31/12 No No No No Yes No No No Reintegration and Prevention of Recruitment program $33,913,622 2/1/20 No No No No No No No Yes

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37. ARC developed new sectoral categories to make relative spending weights more visible and easily understandable to non-specialists o These categories are based on US Category Names, which are A framework developed to categorize U.S. government foreign assistance reporting across agencies ARC Categories include: Humanitarian Assistance, Security: Counter-Narcotics & Security Sector Reform, Economic Development, Peace, Democracy, Human Rights, & Governance, Program Support, Health, Environment, Labor Policies & Markets, and Education & Social Services ARC evaluated line items for Colombia s FY2021 disbursements to determine if the US Category name was apt for projects, or if certain projects should be recategorized. Coding decisions included: o Coding all projects with the goal of creating peace to the ARC Category Peace These projects typically focused on general post-conflict peacebuilding and mitigating lingering effects of the conflict, such as demining projects o Coding projects relating to support and protection of direct conflict victims to Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance o Coding all Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs projects, along with projects related to policing, to Security: Counter-Narcotics & Security Sector Reform o Coding all Covid-related projects to Health The ARC Categories contain three main differences from the US Category Names o The new Peace ARC Category contains many projects previously categorized under Peace and Security, but also contains projects previously coded under different US Category names such as Economic Development and Education and Social Services o The new Security: Counter-Narcotics & Security Sector Reform ARC Category contains many projects previously categorized under Peace and Security, but now includes all Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs projects o The new Labor Policies & Markets ARC Category lifts up projects designed to protect workers' rights. This category was previously coded as a US Sector Name, as a subset of the Economic Development category For the graph, negative values for the Department of the Interior (-$224,221 in Environment) and Peace

38. ARC utilized USAID projects Activity Description to highlight project objectives, and make visible relative funding changes over time o Coding decisions were based on ForeignAssistance.gov official descriptions, utilizing the Activity Description language and details. Projects with no Activity Description other than the project name were not assigned objectives coding unless they 1) contained easily searchable project information made available by USAID or 2) were projects with easily identifiable objectives, such as Afro-Colombian and Indigenous Program or Assistance To Demobilization And Reintegration . All administrative, project support, monitoring and evaluation, logistics and acquisitions, and redacted line items were coded as All Other Projects The eight objectives examined with the parameters used for coding, along with examples, are found on the following slide. Coding process: 1. Download full Colombia disbursements dataset from ForeignAssistance.gov. Data includes disbursements between FY2001-2023. 2. Add filter and sort data by Managing Agency using U.S. Agency for International Development . 3. Read Activity Description of all USAID projects that contain the following terms: 4. "transpar*"; "corru*"; "overs*"; "oversee"; "rule of law"; "good governance"; "management"; "crim*"; "illeg*"; "licit"; justic*"; "account*"; "building"; "land". 5. Provide an initial coding for each line item based on the Activity Description conveyance of project objectives. 6. Read Activity Description of all USAID projects in US Sector Name : Rule of Law and Human Rights ; Good Governance ; Conflict Mitigation and Reconciliation ; Political Competition and Consensus Building ; Stabilization Operations and Security Sector Reform . 7. Provide an initial coding for each line item based on the Activity Description conveyance of project objectives. 8. Sort USAID managed projects by Activity Name . Read through all Activity Description cells to ensure consistency and accuracy of coding. 9. Send out projects with possible category overlap for external review on coding. 10. Repeat steps 5) and 6) as needed to ensure consistency and accuracy across coding decisions. Note: Words with an * indicate the stem word was searched to examine different versions of a word, such as transpar* accounting for both transparent and transparency

39. Categories include: o Peace. Includes funding focused on economic, social (civil society), and/or capacity-building support for local, municipal, or national government in conflict- affected areas. Peace-related projects can overlap with most other categories. For the more streamlined Peace coding schema, coding decisions were predicated on a determination of the primary funding objective. Example: Reconciliation and Conflict Prevention The purpose of the activity is to contribute to reconciliation among victims, ex-combatants, and host communities in four municipalities affected by conflict by strengthening attitudes and skills associated with a culture of peace and a pacific coexistence. o Peace & Economic Development. Includes funding with objectives closely aligned with both Peace and Economic Development . All Peace & Economic Development projects are re-coded as Peace in the streamlined coding. Example. Cocoa Effect Activity The goal of the activity is to strengthen the cocoa productive chain, contributing to better living conditions of producers and their surrounding communities, in municipalities of 3 sub-regions: Urab, Bajo Cauca Antioqueo and Centro-Sur del Huila, as a foundation for the construction of a lasting peace in Colombia. o Peace & Environment. Includes funding focused on environmental conservation in conflict-affected areas. Example: Paramos and Forests Activity The purpose of the USAID Paramos and Forests Activity is to support Colombia in the implementation of its Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses related climate change mitigation goals, while strengthening community-based sustainable development initiatives in the context of a post peace agreement scenario. o Peace & Ethnic Inclusion. Includes Peace funding designed to support Afro-Colombian and Indigenous populations, typically through rights protections, economic development, and aiding in the development of greater capacity for self-governance. For streamlined coding, all Peace & Ethnic Inclusion funding is re-coded as Ethnic Inclusion . Example. Foster Social and Economic Inclusion of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous communities Through this activity, USAID seeks to support the efforts of an organization to foster social and economic inclusion of Afro-Colombian and Indigenous communities that have been severely affected by conflict, with a special emphasis within that community on people with disabilities, LGBTI population, and victims of gender-based violence. o Peace & Good Governance. Includes funding with objectives closely aligned with both Peace and Good Governance . Example. Regional Governance Activity- To enhance good governance, public financial management and service delivery in conflict-affected municipalities. o Peace & Humanitarian. Includes funding with objectives closely aligned with both Peace and Humanitarian . o Peace & Human Rights. Includes funding with objectives closely aligned with both Peace and Human Rights . o Peace & Lands Rights. Includes funding formalizing land tenure and land access in conflict-affected areas. Example. Strengthening Tenure and Resource Rights (STARR ) II The purpose of this Activity is to improve the conditions of conflict affected rural households in a sustainable manner. This will be achieved by providing massive access to land titles while supporting land restitution as part of the broader land titling.

40. Categories include: o Economic Development. Includes funding to spur economic growth and enlarge markets. Example. Development Assistance Partnershipand co-creation modules: building effective multistakeholder partnerships and co-design/co-create shared value (practicum and follow through included) o Environment. Includes funding for environmental conservation. Example.Amazonia Connect Amazonia connect purpose is to reduce commodity-driven deforestation (CDD) in the amazon. o Environment & Economic Development. Includes funding with objectives closely aligned with both Environment and Economic Development o Environment & Good Governance. Example. Amazon Alive/Forest Management and Conservation In response to Colombia recent surge in deforestation and biodiversity loss, the purpose of the amazon alive activity is to (1) improve the effectiveness of the environmental crime prevention and prosecution and (2) improve the effectiveness of forest conservation and management. This will be an integrated activity designed to contribute to Colombian development by strengthening social cohesion, responsive governance, and environmentally sustainable economic development. o Ethnic Inclusion. In the expansive coding, this category captures projects geared toward Afro-Colombian and Indigenous communities, but do not contain a clear connection to peace-related funding. o Good Governance. Includes projects designed to improve or reform state institutions, promote transparency and oversight, and implement anti-corruption policies. Some good governance project descriptions contain language about the benefits of the reform, but coding for these projects is predicated on the core governance objective. Example: Partners for Transparency Leverage Local Partner S [sic] Expertise To Promote Transparency And Accountability In Colombia. o Human Rights. Includes projects designed to ensure rights protections in Colombia and/or monitor the Colombian government s compliance with international human rights standards. Example: Human Rights Program II Advance Colombian initiatives in preventing, protecting and responding to human rights abuses. o Humanitarian. Includes funding designed to respond to the needs of vulnerable people in crisis situations. Humanitarian aid is inclusive of support for internally displaced people and refugees. Example: The Community Stabilization Activity The Community Stabilization Activity responds to the need to provide the Government of Colombia (GOC) with technical assistance and tools to address the dire humanitarian situation created in communities affected by the sudden increase of population flows from Venezuela. o All Other Funding. This category contains administrative, indeterminate, and residual funding that does not properly fit in the above objective categories. In the streamlined coding, Economic Development specific funding was re-coded in this category to make other priority issue areas more visible.

41. American University School of International Service 4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW Washington, DC 20016 Email: arc@american.edu www.AccountabilityResearch.org facebook.com/Accountability-Research-Center @AcctResearchCtr