Role of Cell Cycle in Nanoparticle Uptake and Dilution in Cell Population
The cell cycle plays a crucial role in the cellular uptake and dilution of nanoparticles within a cell population. This process involves different phases such as G1, S, G2, and M, each with specific functions related to cell growth, DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell division. Understanding how nanoparticles interact with cells at different stages of the cell cycle provides insights into their intracellular concentration dynamics. The proliferation of a cell culture further demonstrates the simultaneous progression and division of cells in various phases of the cell cycle. This research sheds light on how cell cycle stages influence nanoparticle uptake and distribution, offering valuable implications for nanomedicine and therapeutics.
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Role of cell cycle on the cellular uptake and dilution of nanoparticles in a cell population Jong Ah Kim, Christoffer berg, Anna Salvati, Kenneth A. Dawson Supplementary Discussion This presentation contains a simple scheme of the cell cycle and shows nanoparticle uptake in a single cell, as it progresses through its cell cycle and undergoes cell division. The generation of the ranking (Fig. 1c) of the intracellular nanoparticle concentration for cells in the different cell cycle phases is also illustrated.
Cell Cycle The cell cycle is a series of events that lead to cell division and replication, consisting of four phases: G1, S, G2 and M. The activation of each phase depends on the proper completion of the previous one. The cell cycle commences with the G1 phase, during which the cell increases its size. During the S phase the cell synthesizes DNA, and in the G2 phase it synthesizes proteins to prepare for cell division. Finally during the M phase the cell divides and the two daughter cells enter the G1 phase. Cells that have temporarily stopped dividing can enter a resting phase called G0.
Cell Cycle G1 phase: cell growth, protein synthesis G0/G1
Cell Cycle G1 phase: cell growth, protein synthesis G0/G1 S phase: DNA synthesis S
Cell Cycle G2 phase: preparation for cell division, protein synthesis G1 phase: cell growth, protein synthesis G0/G1 S phase: DNA synthesis S
Cell Cycle G2 phase: preparation for cell division, protein synthesis M phase: mitosis (cell division) G1 phase: cell growth, protein synthesis G0/G1 S phase: DNA synthesis S
Cell Cycle G2 phase: preparation for cell division, protein synthesis M phase: mitosis (cell division) Two new daughter cells in G1 phase G0/G1 S phase: DNA synthesis S
Proliferation of a cell culture A cell culture is a mixture of cells in different phases of their cell cycle, simultaneously undergoing progression and cell division. G0/G1 S G0/G1 S G2/M Time
Proliferation of a cell culture A cell culture is a mixture of cells in different phases of their cell cycle, simultaneously undergoing progression and cell division. G0/G1 S G0/G1 S S G2/M G0/G1 G2/M Cell division Time
Proliferation of a cell culture A cell culture is a mixture of cells in different phases of their cell cycle, simultaneously undergoing progression and cell division. G0/G1 S G0/G1 S G2/M S G2/M Cell division G0/G1 G0/G1 G2/M Cell division S Time
Nanoparticle uptake in a cycling cell: example of a cell in G1 phase at the moment of exposure to nanoparticles G0/G1 S
Nanoparticle uptake in a cycling cell: example of a cell in G1 phase at the moment of exposure to nanoparticles G0/G1 S Nanoparticles enter the cells and accumulate in the lysosomes.
Nanoparticle uptake in a cycling cell: example of a cell in G1 phase at the moment of exposure to nanoparticles G0/G1 S Nanoparticles enter the cells and accumulate in the lysosomes. Nanoparticles are taken up throughout the cell cycle.
Nanoparticle uptake in a cycling cell: example of a cell in G1 phase at the moment of exposure to nanoparticles Uptake rate in the different phases is similar. G0/G1 S Nanoparticles enter the cells and accumulate in the lysosomes. Nanoparticles are taken up throughout the cell cycle.
Nanoparticle uptake in a cycling cell: example of a cell in G1 phase at the moment of exposure to nanoparticles Upon cell division, cells dilute their intracellular nanoparticle concentration. Uptake rate in the different phases is similar. G0/G1 S Nanoparticles enter the cells and accumulate in the lysosomes. Nanoparticles are taken up throughout the cell cycle.
Nanoparticle uptake in a cycling cell: example of a cell in G1 phase at the moment of exposure to nanoparticles Upon cell division, cells dilute their intracellular nanoparticle concentration. Uptake rate in the different phases is similar. G0/G1 S Daughter cells will have (on average) half of the amount of nanoparticles compared to the parent cell. Nanoparticles are taken up throughout the cell cycle.
Nanoparticle uptake in a cell population G0/G1 S G2/M Time
Nanoparticle uptake in a cell population G0/G1 S During the first 10 hours of uptake there is no major difference between the concentrations of nanoparticles in cells in the different phases. G2/M Time
Nanoparticle uptake in a cell population S G0/G1 G2/M S G0/G1 Once a significant fraction of the cells in G0/G1 are cells that divided during the exposure to nanoparticles, then the G0/G1 cells show nanoparticle concentration in comparison to the other phases. G2/M Cell division a reduced Time
Nanoparticle uptake in a cell population S G2/M G2/M Cell division G0/G1 G0/G1 When cells that have divided begin to populate the S phase, then those cells also show a reduced intracellular nanoparticle (compared to the cells in G2/M). S concentration Time
