Acupuncture Profession Challenges and Competencies Assessment

 
2
nd
 World TCM and Acupuncture Forum
 
March 31 and April 1 2019
 
STEVEN H. STUMPF, EDD
 
NATIONAL GUILD OF ACUPUNCTURE
AND ORIENTAL MEDICINE
 
NGAOM
 
COMPETENCIES are
KNOWLEDGE, SKIILLS and
ABILITIES
[KSAs]
 
 The
 
 goal of every profession, if it is to
survive and prosper, must be to remove
perception as “
a relatively weak,
traditional profession of minor economic
significance.”
 
IS THIS TRUE
ABOUT THE
ACUPUNCTURE
PROFESSION?
 
Among comparable midlevel
mainstream health professions
acupuncture has the
lowest income 
and the 
least authority
.
 
Social authority 
involves the control of
action through the giving of commands.
This is commonly expressed as 
writing
orders in charts which others follow
.
 
WITHOUT COMPETENCIES 
CREATED AND
ADOPTED BY PRACTITIONERS
, LACs WILL
NOT ACHIEVE PROFESSIONAL STATUS
ALONGSIDE THOSE PROFESSIONS THAT
HAVE DEVELOPED THEIR OWN KSAs.
 
RNs execute
orders with the
exception of
Nurse
Practitioners
who may write
orders just like
MDs and PAs!
 
Cultural authority 
entails the
construction of reality through
definitions of fact and value. For TCM
this means teaching energetic theory,
and an “Americanized version of
Chinese medicine.”
 
For mainstream medicine
practitioners these concepts are
quaint at best; nonsense at worst.
 
This idea
would be
more main
stream!
 
Professional competencies emerge
from the organization that represents
the licensed practitioners.
These competencies are uniformly
agreed upon and formally adopted in
by-laws and other declarations of what
it means to be a practitioner.
 
Such uniformity is found in medicine,
osteopathy, naturopathy, nursing,
physical therapy, and the physician
assistant profession, among others.
 
Every health
profession has
its problems…
 
Historically, acupuncture has been
organized around 
strict allegiance to
non-Western culture
, i.e., Traditional
Chinese Medicine, energetic theory, and
“Orientalism.”
 
According to acupuncture historian
Mark Seem (2011), the process of
establishing acupuncture was directed
by the organization representing
training programs.
 
KSAs are not required
as part of ACAOM
accreditation
 
Seem contends that a
compromise was sought
between factions who
differed whether
biomedicine or Traditional
Chinese Medicine
 
should
be the underlying basis of
acupuncture training.
 
This
 
long-standing
factionalism – East vs West -
produced compromised
outcomes that have prevented
unified support and direction.
 
Acupuncture
remains OUTSIDE
the medical
mainstream.
The consequences
harm LAcs in terms
of income and
medical authority.
 
“The historical success of a profession
rests fundamentally on the growth of its
particular source of wealth and status—
its authority.”
 
Paul Starr, “The Social
Transformation of Medicine.”
 
A profession will have established itself
with professional authority when
professional competencies 
have
emerged from the organization that
represents the licensed practitioners
.
 
Competencies drive training, which
creates professionals that can be
relied upon 
to behave and perform
similarly across states and national
borders.
 
K
 
S
 
A
 
KSAs
 
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ABILITIES
ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION…
 
AND PRACTICE  SUCCESS
 
THE ACUPUNCTURE PROFESSION
DOES NOT HAVE UNIFORM
KSAs…UNLIKE NEARLY 
EVERY OTHER
MAINSTREAM MEDICAL
PROFESSION
 
We ARE NOT like other health professions?
 
What Are Competencies?
 
Competencies are the knowledge,
skills, and abilities (KSAs) 
needed to
succeed in professional roles
. They are
the traits or characteristics needed for
successful job performance
 
Competencies 
define proficient
performance of critical work functions
in defined work settings. Well-written
competencies are 
quantifiable and
focused
 on performance and outcome.
 
Competency-based
health profession
education 
is the national
and international 
gold
standard 
for professional
education.
 
Competencies created and
adopted by practicing
professionals 
provide the basis
for a profession to regulate itself.
 
A scientific approach: the first step is
to 
name and define the terminus for
the occupation.
 
OMD? MTOM?  MSAOM, DAOM??
 
Too many degree names indicates
no uniform standards
.
 
The main step is to 
map out and
define the competency domains 
or
higher-level groupings of KSAs.
 
These competencies are uniformly
agreed upon and formally adopted in
bylaws and other declarations of what
it means to be a practitioner. Such
uniformity is found in medicine,
osteopathy, naturopathy, nursing,
physical therapy, physician assistant…
 
These are
NEW
competencies
for the 21
st
century.
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The content discusses the challenges faced by the acupuncture profession in terms of income and authority compared to mainstream health professions. It emphasizes the importance of developing competencies, knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) to achieve professional status and align with other well-established professions. The comparison of four health professions, the role of social authority, and the need for competencies adoption in the field of acupuncture are highlighted.


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  1. 2nd World TCM and Acupuncture Forum March 31 and April 1 2019

  2. STEVEN H. STUMPF, EDD NATIONAL GUILD OF ACUPUNCTURE AND ORIENTAL MEDICINE NGAOM

  3. COMPETENCIES are KNOWLEDGE, SKIILLS and ABILITIES [KSAs]

  4. The goal of every profession, if it is to survive and prosper, must be to remove perception as a relatively weak, traditional profession of minor economic significance.

  5. IS THIS TRUE ABOUT THE ACUPUNCTURE PROFESSION?

  6. Among comparable midlevel mainstream health professions acupuncture has the lowest income and the least authority.

  7. TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF FOUR HEALTH PROFESSIONS ESSENTIALS national practice definition educational conformity national scope of practice PROFESSION KSAs Medicine 1880s 1896 1920s 1920s Physician Assistant Physical Therapy Nursing 2006 1986 - 1996 1965 1965 1920s 1950s - 1977 1986 1986 1912 1952, 1969 1917 1955 1972 Chiropractic 1981 1960s no no Naturopathy 1910-1930 1980s 1990s no no Acupuncture no 1982-1985 no no

  8. Social authority involves the control of action through the giving of commands. This is commonly expressed as writing orders in charts which others follow.

  9. WITHOUT COMPETENCIES CREATED AND ADOPTED BY PRACTITIONERS, LACs WILL NOT ACHIEVE PROFESSIONAL STATUS ALONGSIDE THOSE PROFESSIONS THAT HAVE DEVELOPED THEIR OWN KSAs.

  10. RNs execute orders with the exception of Nurse Practitioners who may write orders just like MDs and PAs!

  11. Cultural authority entails the construction of reality through definitions of fact and value. For TCM this means teaching energetic theory, and an Americanized version of Chinese medicine.

  12. For mainstream medicine practitioners these concepts are quaint at best; nonsense at worst.

  13. This idea would be more main stream!

  14. Professional competencies emerge from the organization that represents the licensed practitioners. These competencies are uniformly agreed upon and formally adopted in by-laws and other declarations of what it means to be a practitioner.

  15. Such uniformity is found in medicine, osteopathy, naturopathy, nursing, physical therapy, and the physician assistant profession, among others.

  16. Every health profession has its problems

  17. Historically, acupuncture has been organized around strict allegiance to non-Western culture, i.e., Traditional Chinese Medicine, energetic theory, and Orientalism.

  18. According to acupuncture historian Mark Seem (2011), the process of establishing acupuncture was directed by the organization representing training programs.

  19. KSAs are not required as part of ACAOM accreditation

  20. Seem contends that a compromise was sought between factions who differed whether biomedicine or Traditional Chinese Medicine should be the underlying basis of acupuncture training.

  21. This long-standing factionalism East vs West - produced compromised outcomes that have prevented unified support and direction.

  22. Acupuncture remains OUTSIDE the medical mainstream. The consequences harm LAcs in terms of income and medical authority.

  23. The historical success of a profession rests fundamentally on the growth of its particular source of wealth and status its authority. Paul Starr, The Social Transformation of Medicine.

  24. A profession will have established itself with professional authority when professional competencies have emerged from the organization that represents the licensed practitioners.

  25. Competencies drive training, which creates professionals that can be relied upon to behave and perform similarly across states and national borders.

  26. K S A

  27. KSAs KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ABILITIES ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE SUCCESS

  28. THE ACUPUNCTURE PROFESSION DOES NOT HAVE UNIFORM KSAs UNLIKE NEARLY EVERY OTHER MAINSTREAM MEDICAL PROFESSION

  29. We ARE NOT like other health professions?

  30. What Are Competencies? Competencies are the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) needed to succeed in professional roles. They are the traits or characteristics needed for successful job performance

  31. Competencies define proficient performance of critical work functions in defined work settings. Well-written competencies are quantifiable and focused on performance and outcome.

  32. Competency-based health profession education is the national and international gold standard for professional education.

  33. KSAS Knowledge Skills and Abilities minimum KSAs maximum KSAs set standard criteria for LICENSING set optimal, most desired criteria for board CERTIFICATION purpose minimum necessary to become licensed acupuncturist among best in her profession target highest qualified licensed professionals licensing agency created by licensee has minimum skills required to meet licensing requirements licensee has top quality training and practice value NCCAOM, CAOMA, NGAOM, AAAOM, ASA, CAA state licensing board orgs

  34. Competencies created and adopted by practicing professionals provide the basis for a profession to regulate itself.

  35. A scientific approach: the first step is to name and define the terminus for the occupation. OMD? MTOM? MSAOM, DAOM?? Too many degree names indicates no uniform standards.

  36. The main step is to map out and define the competency domains or higher-level groupings of KSAs.

  37. These competencies are uniformly agreed upon and formally adopted in bylaws and other declarations of what it means to be a practitioner. Such uniformity is found in medicine, osteopathy, naturopathy, nursing, physical therapy, physician assistant

  38. These are NEW competencies for the 21st century.

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