Overview of Fiber Chemical Composition and Types
Fibers consist of polymers made from simple molecules, with natural fibers like wool, silk, cotton, and linen having specific compositions including proteins, cellulose, and glucose. Man-made fibers like rayon and acetate are chemically altered cellulose, while synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester offer unique properties compared to natural fibers.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
Chemical Composition of Fibers
Chemical Composition of Fibers Fibers are polymers: long chains made of simple molecules
Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) http://www.leydenglenlamb.com/photos.htm
Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) 2. Silk Polymer= protein Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) http://entomology.unl.edu/images/silkworm/silkworm1.jpg
Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) 2. Silk Polymer= protein Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) 3. Cotton Polymer= cellulose (plant) Monomer= glucose http://www.texaspolicecentral.com/Texas-Patriotism.php
Natural Fibers 1. Wool Polymer= Polypeptide chains (forming the protein keratin) Monomer= amino acids (one of which is cysteine . . .cysteine contains Sulfur) 2. Silk Polymer= protein Monomer= amino acids (but less of a variety than wool) 3. Cotton Polymer= cellulose (plant) Monomer= glucose 4. Linen Polymer= cellulose (flax plant) Longer chains than cotton which makes it brittle Monomer= glucose http://www.flowers-cs.com/flax.html
Man-made Fibers 1. Rayon Cellulose fiber, then chemically altered, burns like cotton 2. Acetate Made from a reaction between cellulose and acetic acid
Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers 1. Polyamides linked by amino group Example: Nylon Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers Image from: http://www.imageenvision.com/collection/fitness.html
Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers 1. Polyamides linked by amino group Example: Nylon Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers 2. Polyesters linked by ester group Stronger linkage than polyamides Linkage can be linear (flexible) or cross- linked (rigid) Image from: http://www.imageenvision.com/collection/fitness.html
Synthetic Fibers: Generic classification of synthetic fibers 1. Polyamides linked by amino group Example: Nylon Stronger and more chemically inert than natural fibers Polyesters lined by ester group Stronger linkage than polyamides Linkage can be linear (flexible) or cross-linked (rigid ) 3. Spandex structurally similar to polyamide Made of segments of polyurethane connected to long segments of polyesters Resulting spandex can stretch up to 600 times and recover original strength 2. http://www.fingerpainrelief.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/RUBBER-BAND-300x198.jpg http://www.fingerpainrelief.com/rubber-band-therapy-for-finger-pain/
Video clips on slide two click on the two pictures within the chain Clip 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmlunCbBV_o&f eature=related If link is broken, go to YouTube and search Oil Absorbing Polymer Clip 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWoQ3D6RMXs &feature=related If link is broken, go to YouTube and search Spangler's Polymer Experiment on The Ellen Show
