The Evolution of Computing Devices Through History

Explore the fascinating progression of computing devices from manual tools like the abacus and Oughtred's Slide Rule to the development of electronic and mechanic devices such as the Pascal's Machine and Monroe Calculator. Witness key milestones that revolutionized computation, leading to the birth of the modern electronic computer.

• Evolution of Computing
• History of Technology
• Electronic Devices
• Mechanic Devices
• Computing Milestones

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1. Computer Evolution Pengantar Ilmu Komputer

2. Computer Classification Computer Processing Device Consist of 4 classification : Manual Device Mechanic Device Electronic Mechanic Device Electronic Device

3. Manual Device Bone (300000BC) Used for reminder and communication ex : to count distance Petroglyphs (300000 BC) Used for note data

4. Petroglyphs

5. Papyrus (2600 BC)

6. Abacus (2500 BC)

7. Stonehenge (1900 BC)

8. Oughtreds Slide rule (1621)

9. Mechanic Device First Counting Device (Wilhem Schickard)

10. Pascals Machine Aritmethique (1642)

11. Leibnitzs Calculating Machine (1673)

12. Logic Demonstrator (1777)

13. Jacuquards Loom (1804)

14. The Adder (1868)

15. Monroe Calculator (1911)

16. Electronic Mechanic Device 1890 Tabulation Machine (created by Dr. Herman Hollerith) 1920 1stotomatic counter machine (decision maker machine, by Leonardo Torresy Quevedo,Spain) 1931 1stAnalog Computer (Differensial Analyzer, Dr. Vannevar Bush, MIT) 1938 1stelectronic mechanic device (Complex Calculator, George R. Stibitz, Bell Laboratories)

17. Electronic Device 1942 1stdigital computer 1944 Hardvard Mark I ASCC (1stotomatic arithmetic and logic, made by IBM, Prof. Howard Aiken,Harvard University )

18. 1stGeneration (1946 1959) 1. Vacuum tube 2. Machine/Assembly Language 3. Secondary Storage : Magnetic Tape and Magnetic Disk 4. Punch Card and paper tape to feed program and to get results 5. Bulky 6. High Cost 7. Small Capacity 8. Consume more power with limited performance 9. Slow Process 10. For Scientific Computations

19. Vacuum Tube

21. EDVAC (1945)

22. UNIVAC (1951)

23. 2ndGeneration (1959-1964) 1. Transistor 2. High Level Language : fortran, cobol 3. Magnetic ferrite core memories were used as main memory 4. Bigger memory capacity 5. Magnetic tapes and magnetic disks were used as secondary memory 6. Real time and Time sharing capabilities 7. Smaller in size 8. Punch cards used continued 9. Lesser power consumption and better performance 10. Busines application and Technique

24. Transistor

25. LARC

26. IBM 7094

27. 3rdGeneration (1964 1970) 1. IC (Integrated Circuit) as main component 2. Better Software 3. 10000 times Faster then 1stgeneration 4. Bigger memory capacities 5. External Storage 6. Smaller electric power consumption 7. Multiprocessing and multiprogramming 8. Cheaper price 9. Smaller size 10.Visual and graphic display 11.Communication with other computer

28. Integrated Circuit

29. Sinclair

30. PDP 1

31. 4thGeneration (1970 - ) 1. Smaller size 2. Faster Processing 3. Cheaper Price 4. Bigger Capacity 5. Personal used 6. Software Development 7. Online application

32. Ultra-Large Scale Integration (ULSI)

33. Atari 2600 (1980)

34. Motorolla 68000

35. 5thGeneration Artificial Intelligent

36. Future Computer Biochip synthetic Protein Similar to human characteristic : has emotion and thinking

37. Biochip

38. Computer Classification How to Process Data How to use Size Generation

39. Way to Process Data Analog Computer For continue data and physical form ex : electricity, temperature, speed, pressure use for hospital (heart pressure), oil pipe, electricity power advantage : accept physical data and measure data without conversion weakness : precision

40. Calculo (1959)

41. Way to Process Data Digital Computer Numeric and character data form and usually used for business and technique Advantage : Faster data processing Data Storing Logical operation capabilities Correctional or erasable data Numeric, character and graphic output display

42. Way to Process Data Hybrid Computer Combination of analog computer and digital computer

43. Way to use Special Purpose Computer Made for certain case, usually used to handle one case. Used for automatic controller for industry. Ex : analog computer General Purpose Computer Made for handling many case. Slower then special purpose computer. Used for business, technique, education, word processing, gaming etc. Ex : General purpose computer

44. Size Micro Computer Single user PC or notebook Small Space Smaller operand register Mini Computer Multiuser Small room

45. Data General Nova (mini computer)

46. Size Medium Computer Has many Input and Output Devices Used for Data Communication with hundreds terminal and separate from computer center Expensive Large Computer Large size Usually used by big company High speed processing and big capacity, timesharing capabilities Expensive

47. Dec Vax (Medium Computer)

48. Z 23 (Medium Computer)

49. Size Super Computer Thousands Computer connected More effective in time sharing Very expensive

50. Sequoia A constructed by IBM for The National Nuclear Security Administration for Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC) petascale Blue Gene Supercomputer,

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