Understanding Viral Diseases in Poultry: Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza

poultry diseases
fourth stage
Dr. Isam Azeez
Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease
College of Veterinary Medicine
university of Basrah
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Newcastle Disease (ND)
-
Is the most common, the most widely prevalent, and economically
the most important viral disease of poultry in our country.
- Caused by Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV1)
- Virus spreads through the air and the Infection occurs mainly through
inhalation or ingestion.
- The virus survives for several months. 
(Forms of ND)
1 -Doyle’s , Asiatic form  (Digestive form ,Viscerotropic)
2- Essex’s form (pneumoViscerotropic form ).
3- Beach’s form (pneumoNeurotropic).
4- Beaudett’s form (Respiratory form ).
5- Hitchner’s form
6- Asymptomatic form
The Birds appear depressed and
lethargic with ruffled feathers and
torticollis.
Misshapen
 
eggs
petechial
 
Hemorrhage on the tips of glands
in the proventriculus
hemorrhage of Peyer’s patches
(typical of the virulent form of ND)
(Peyer’s patches
)
hemorrhage of the cecal tonsils
* hemorrhage in Peyer’s patches(white arrow),
hemorrhages in the proventriculus (black arrow)
typical of the virulent form of ND
 
Differential Diagnosis
Infectious bronchitis - respiratory
Laryngotracheitis - respiratory
Avian encephalomyelitis - neurological
Vitamin E & selenium deficiency - neurological
Mycotic encephalitis - neurological
Avian influenza - variable pathogenicity
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Avian Influenza
Avian influenza (AI) is a viral disease characterized by
-respiratory signs.
-depression and reduced feed and water intake.
 -decline in egg production.
 
Avian Influenza  classified into two categories
1-  Low pathogenic (LPAI) that typically causes little or no clinical signs in birds.
2- Highly pathogenic (HPAI) that can cause severe clinical signs and high
mortality rates approach 90-100%.
H5 , H7
 
Etiology
Avian influenza virus
Orthomyxovirus
surface antigens
Hemagglutinin (H)
Neuraminidase(N)
 
Avian influenza virus
-
Transmission in Poultry
 
Fecal-oral
Aerosol
Mechanical vectors
Migratory birds
Infected poultry, pet birds
- 
Incubation period
Poultry: 1-7 days
Sudden Death
High Mortality 90-100%
 
Combs and wattle swollen, cyanotic
Combs and wattle swollen, cyanotic
Hemorrhages or cyanosis of legs
Hemorrhage in
 Proventriculus
 
Hemorrhage in Trachea
Hemorrhage
in Lung
Hemorrhage
in Viscera
 
Differential Diagnosis
-
Virulent Newcastle disease
-
Avian pneumovirus
-
Infectious laryngotracheitis
-
Infectious bronchitis
-
Chlamydia
-
Mycoplasma
-
Acute bacterial diseases
-
Fowl cholera, E. coli infection
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Viral diseases like Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) pose significant threats to poultry farming, impacting bird health and production. ND, caused by Avian paramyxovirus type 1, is highly contagious and manifests in various forms affecting birds' respiratory and nervous systems. On the other hand, AI is characterized by respiratory signs, depression, reduced feed intake, and decreased egg production. Early recognition and management of these viral diseases are crucial to prevent outbreaks and minimize economic losses in the poultry industry.


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  1. poultry diseases fourth stage Viral Diseases Dr. Isam Azeez Department of Pathology and Poultry Disease College of Veterinary Medicine university of Basrah

  2. Viral Diseases Newcastle Disease (ND) - Is the most common, the most widely prevalent, and economically the most important viral disease of poultry in our country. - Caused by Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV1) - Virus spreads through the air and the Infection occurs mainly through inhalation or ingestion. - The virus survives for several months.

  3. (Forms of ND) 1 -Doyle s , Asiatic form (Digestive form ,Viscerotropic) 2- Essex s form (pneumoViscerotropic form ). 3- Beach s form (pneumoNeurotropic). 4- Beaudett s form (Respiratory form ). 5- Hitchner s form 6- Asymptomatic form

  4. Misshapen eggs The Birds appear depressed and lethargic with ruffled feathers and torticollis.

  5. petechial Hemorrhage on the tips of glands in the proventriculus

  6. (Peyers patches) hemorrhage of Peyer s patches (typical of the virulent form of ND)

  7. hemorrhage of the cecal tonsils

  8. * hemorrhage in Peyers patches(white arrow), hemorrhages in the proventriculus (black arrow) typical of the virulent form of ND

  9. Differential Diagnosis Infectious bronchitis - respiratory Laryngotracheitis - respiratory Avian encephalomyelitis - neurological Vitamin E & selenium deficiency - neurological Mycotic encephalitis - neurological Avian influenza - variable pathogenicity

  10. Avian Influenza (AI)

  11. Avian Influenza Avian influenza (AI) is a viral disease characterized by -respiratory signs. -depression and reduced feed and water intake. -decline in egg production.

  12. Avian Influenza classified into two categories 1- Low pathogenic (LPAI) that typically causes little or no clinical signs in birds. 2- Highly pathogenic (HPAI) that can cause severe clinical signs and high mortality rates approach 90-100%. H5 , H7

  13. Etiology Avian influenza virus Orthomyxovirus surface antigens Hemagglutinin (H) Neuraminidase(N)

  14. Avian influenza virus -Transmission in Poultry Fecal-oral Aerosol Mechanical vectors Migratory birds Infected poultry, pet birds - Incubation period Poultry: 1-7 days

  15. Sudden Death

  16. High Mortality 90-100%

  17. Combs and wattle swollen, cyanotic

  18. Combs and wattle swollen, cyanotic

  19. Hemorrhages or cyanosis of legs

  20. Hemorrhage in Proventriculus

  21. Hemorrhage in Trachea

  22. Hemorrhage in Lung

  23. Hemorrhage in Viscera

  24. Differential Diagnosis -Virulent Newcastle disease -Avian pneumovirus -Infectious laryngotracheitis -Infectious bronchitis -Chlamydia -Mycoplasma -Acute bacterial diseases -Fowl cholera, E. coli infection

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