Understanding Avian Influenza: Symptoms, Transmission, and Prevention

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is a contagious disease caused by flu viruses that primarily affect birds but can also spread to humans. Learn about the symptoms in humans, how the virus spreads, and preventive measures to stay safe. Stay informed and take necessary precautions to reduce the risk of infection.

• Avian Influenza
• Bird Flu
• Symptoms
• Prevention
• Transmission

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1. Bird Flue Awareness Abdul Rehman Pirzado 1

2. Preparedness for Avian influenza (bird flu) Contents What is bird flu? What are the symptoms in humans? How does bird flu spread to humans? How long is a person with flu virus contagious? What can you do to prevent being infected? Eating Habits? Tips for cooking poultry Travel to other countries Vaccination What should I do if I suspect I have bird flu? Comparison with SARS & Flu WHO Update Action Plan? 2 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

3. Preparedness for Avian influenza (bird flu) Bird flu is a disease affecting birds that is caused by several types of flu viruses. Highly Pathogenic bird flu (HPAI) is a highly contagious disease affecting wild birds and poultry This disease has been responsible for recent human outbreaks and deaths in European and Asian countries There are three types of flu viruses - A, B and C. Only types A and B cause significant human disease. Flu A is further sub-typed according to the type of proteins (H) and (N) proteins on its outer layer. There are 15 different H types (H1, H2, H3, etc) and 9 different N types (N1, N2, N3, etc). The current outbreak of bird flu in poultry which affected humans is caused by the H5N1 subtype of flu A virus 3 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

4. What are the symptoms in humans? 1. Fever, cough, muscle ache, runny nose, and sore throat 2. Some may get eye infections and have difficulty breathing 3. Pneumonia or other complications may occur at a later stage 4. There is no evidence to date that the disease is spread through casual contacts. 5. Concerned employees can contact their personal doctor or public health authorities 4 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

5. How does Avian Influenza spread to humans? Bird flu spreads to humans mainly through contact with infected birds, which shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions and droppings. Very rarely, human-to- human transmission may occur (insufficient data to support this at this time) Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented 5

6. How long is a person with flu virus contagious? The period when an infected person is contagious depends on the age of the person. Adults may be contagious from one day prior to becoming sick and for three to seven days after they first develop symptoms. Some children may be contagious for longer than a week. 6 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

7. What can you do to prevent being infected? 1. 2. Avoid visiting poultry farms. If you intend to travel to countries with cases of bird flu, you should adopt the following good hygiene practices to minimize your risk of acquiring bird flu: Avoid contact with live poultry and birds, especially for children. Avoid crowded areas and stay in places with good ventilation. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling live poultry and birds, and when they are dirtied by respiratory secretions e.g. after sneezing. Observe good personal and environmental hygiene. You should also build up a strong immunity system in your body. Start by having a regular exercise regime, a well-balanced diet that includes two servings of vegetables and two servings of fruits daily, adequate rest, reducing stress and not smoking. 3. 7 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

8. Eating Habits? The poultry and eggs available in the market are safe to eat No evidence that you can get bird flu by eating cooked chicken or eggs or other poultry Canned poultry products such as essence of chicken are also safe to eat All canned products undergo a heat treatment process that effectively destroys any viruses 8 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

9. Tips for cooking poultry Separate raw food from cooked food Wash your hands before and after preparing food Cook poultry meat thoroughly Avoid eating raw or half- boiled eggs or semi-cooked meat 9 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

10. Travel to other countries World Health Organization has not advised any travel restrictions so far No quarantines measures are in place in any country When visiting affected countries, avoid farms and live poultry and birds, and adopt good hygiene practices 10 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

11. Vaccination Should I get vaccinated against flu before I travel? Health experts recommendation: Children aged 6 months and older should be vaccinated if travelling to countries where outbreaks have occurred Persons likely to be exposed to infected chickens or farms should also be vaccinated Purpose of vaccination is to avoid risk of people being infected by bird and human virus at the same time 11 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

12. What should I do if I suspect I have bird flu? Consult your doctor immediately if you have had contact with live birds or travelled to a country which has cases of bird flu Or call public health authority to take you to the Communicable Disease Centre for evaluation 12 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

13. Comparison with SARS & Flu Avian Flu Flu SARS Virus H5N1 H7N2 H1 H2 H3 N1 N2 SARS CoV. Headache, fever, cough, running noise, sore throat, muscle and joint ache, vomit, diarrhea, poor appetite (similar to common flu and hard to distinguish) Fever 38 , dry cough, short breath, possibly headache, muscle stiffness, poor appetite, fatigue, diarrhea, or skin rash. Detection of pathological changes through X-ray Fever, cough, running noise, sore throat, body ache Symptom s 1-5 days, possibly contagious before and after symptoms appear About 1-3 days, contagious before and after symptoms appear 3-10 days, no indication to be transmitted during incubation period Incubation period Transmis sion Route Contact with bird feces or breath in dry bird feces ducts Close contact or breathe in flying particles of saliva, phlegm, or body fluids of SARS patients Flying particles of saliva or phlegm Wear surgical mask if fever occurs, frequently wash hands and measure body temperature, and avoid hospitals Preventio n Avoid contact with birds, strict personal hygiene Flu vaccination Influenza antiviral medications Influenza antiviral medications Antiviral medications, antibiotics, interferon, supportive treatments Treatment Poultry, butchery, & farm industries, hospital & medical personnel, laboratories Hospital & medical personnel, laboratories High Risk Industry General population 13 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

14. Delphi Plan Keep track of travellers Employees to affected countries Travel control if there is an epidemic Country is affected 2 or more employees are affected Govt has recommendations on restriction Daily monitoring employees Monitoring of employees for symptoms Employees to keep company informed of family members affected Refer to designated doctor if necessary Delphi to work with Designated Company Doctor Doctor will coordinate with CDC if necessary Daily reporting to corporate 14 Health & Safety Is the Overriding Priority All Incidents Can Be Prevented

15. Thanks 15