Understanding Uniform Titles in Music Cataloging
Exploring the importance and benefits of uniform titles in music cataloging, this content emphasizes their role in collocating and distinguishing various works, like Beethoven's 5th Symphony, to streamline cataloging processes and enhance music reference accuracy.
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UNIFORM TITLES FOR MUSIC CLA TECHNICAL SERVICES INTEREST GROUP & THE MUSIC LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER, APRIL 13, 2012 John Redford, Biola University
Why have Uniform Titles for music? Consider the publishing history of Beethoven s 5th Symphony: Symphony no. 5 Symphony in C minor Funfte Symphonie 5e Symphonie 5thSymphony, op. 67 Symphonie en ut mineur Symphonie nr. 5, C moll, op. 67 Beethoven s celebrated symphony no. 5
Uniform titles Collocate records for a work appearing under various titles (e.g. Beethoven s 5th) Collocate different manifestations of a work, e.g. scores (full score, study score etc.); sound recordings; video recordings Distinguish different works with similar or the same title Gather together items that contain similar types of works under a collective uniform title
And the U.T. is Symphonies, n no. 5, op. 67, r C minor
See Weitz, Uniform Title Headings OCLC BFAS: 240 Uniform Title for definitions, MARC coding and examples AACR2 Ch. 25 (25.25 for music)
The good news! Unlikely that you ll have to formulate them Even for original cataloging there s a very good chance that the U.T. has already been created for another manifestation of the work Let s look in the Authority File However
You should be able to Recognize U.T.s Understand U.T.s Search authority file
Consider the music reference role Stanford has over 6000 entries for Mozart How to find Mozart s Symphony no. 40 in G minor, K. 550 Uniform title: Symphonies, n K. 550, r G minor Search for Mozart and K. 550 to retrieve all manifestations (well maybe not all; we ll get to collective titles shortly)
Principles of Uniform Titles A Brief Introduction by Matthew Wise http://library.music.indiana.edu/tech_s/mla/ut.gui Or Google: music uniform titles
Three types Generic e.g. concerto, sonata, intermezzo, string quartet Distinctive e.g. Phantom of the opera, Stardust Collective e.g. Piano music. Selections, Chamber music, Orchestral music
Generic Uniform titles are usually required for all musical forms (concerto, symphony, trio sonatas, etc.), genres (capriccio, nocturne, intermezzo, etc.), and chamber music combinations (trio, quartet, quintet, etc.).
Examples Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 1873-1943. Concertos, m piano, orchestra, n no. 2, op. 18, r C minor Piano concerto no. 2 in C minor, op. 18 Chopin, Frederic, 1810-1849. Waltzes, m piano, n op. 69. n No. 2 Valse in B minor, op. 69, no. 2
Examples Bartok Bela, 1881-1945. Quartets, m strings, n no. 4 Streichquartett IV (Initial title element isolated: see AACR2 25.28) Respighi, Ottorino, 1879-1936. Quintets, m piano, strings, r F minor Quintetto in fa minore per pianoforte e archi
Uniform titles may reflect single works or collections of consecutively numbered similar works. The titles are always given in the plural, unless the composer has written only one work of that type. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix, 1809-1847. Sonatas, m clarinet, piano, r E major Sonate Es-dur fur Klarinette und Klavier
Examples Reger, Max, 1873-1916. Sonatas, m clarinet, piano, n no. 1-3 Drei Sonaten fur Klarinette und Klavier Bernstein, Leonard, 1918- Sonata, m clarinet, piano Sonata for clarinet and piano
Instrumentation, serial numbers, opus numbers, thematic index numbers, quantitative numbers, keys, and composition dates are moved to subordinate positions in the uniform title, or are omitted. However, integral adjectives which were part of the composer's original title are retained at the beginning. Schoenberg, Arnold, 1874-1951. Stu cke, m orchestra, n op. 16 Funf Orchesterstucke, Opus 16
Example Kabalevsky, Dmitry Borisovich, 1904- Le gkie p esy, n op. 39 24 little pieces, op. 39, for the piano
Thematic indexes Also called Thematic Catalogs An index of a composer s works usually in either chronological or genre order with musical incipits Opus numbers may be used e.g. Beethoven, or a system devised by the indexer e.g. Kochel/Mozart; Hoboken/Haydn; Deutsch/Schubert, or another numbering system e.g. BWV/Bach (Bach Werk Verzeichnis = catalog of Bach s works)
Thematic indexes Music catalogers authorized to create name headings and uniform titles need thematic catalogs and other reference tools such as New Grove to ascertain works and formulate unique uniform titles. E.g. a publication merely stating Violin Concerto in G by Vivaldi does not state which of the 14 he wrote in that key!
Distinctive titles For non-generic or "distinctive" titles, the title in the original language is preferred. These may be found in the composer's worklist in the New Grove Dictionary, the composer's thematic catalog, or other authoritative sources. Berlioz, Hector, 1803-1869. Symphonie fantastique Fantastic symphony
Examples Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay, 1844-1908. Zolotoi petushok The golden cockerel Puccini, Giacomo, 1858-1924. Fanciulla del West The girl of the golden West
For classical works with popular titles, the generic uniform title is preferred. Schubert, Franz, 1797-1828. Quintets, m piano, violin, viola, violoncello, double bass, n D. 667, r A major Trout quintet for piano and strings, op. 114 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827. Sonatas, m piano, n no. 14, op. 27, no. 2, r C minor Moonlight sonata
Separate parts of larger works are hierarchically identified through uniform titles. Handel, George Frideric, 1685-1759. Messiah. p Hallelujah Hallelujah chorus, from The Messiah
examples Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883. Meistersinger von Nu rnberg. p Vorspiel Prelude to the Mastersingers of Nuremburg Barber, Samuel, 1910-1981. Quartets, m strings, n no. 1, op. 11, r B minor. p Adagio; o arr. Adagio for strings
Arrangements for different instrumentations are related to their original formats through uniform titles. Rossini, Gioacchino, 1792-1868. Guillaume Tell. p Ouverture; o arr. William Tell overture : transcribed for military band
Example Copland, Aaron, 1900- Sonatas, m violin, piano; o arr. Sonata for clarinet and piano
Full scores, vocal scores, librettos, and translations are hierarchically identified through uniform titles. Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756-1791. Zauberflo te. s Vocal score. l Italian & German Die Zauberflote...mit Ubersetzung ins Italienische
Collective titles Complete works, miscellaneous collections, complete collections of a specific type, and selective collections of a specific type are uniquely identified through uniform titles. Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Works Samtliche Werke
Examples Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Selections Opus 23, opus 24, opus 18, opus 90 Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Piano music. k Selections Complete sonatas and variations for solo piano
Searching the authority file Find the correct uniform title for: Adagio from "Moonlight sonata" for violin & piano / Beethoven Rite of spring / Stravinsky Selections from Songs without words / Mendelssohn
And a bit of fun Find the uniform title for John Redford s (d. 1547) contribution to the Mulliner book What are the correct uniform titles for these arrangements (unpublished) by John Redford (fl. 2012): Memory from Cats arranged for piano / Andrew Lloyd Webber 18thvariation from Rhapsody on a theme of Paganini arranged for solo piano / Sergei Rachmaninoff Prelude from Ben-Hur arranged for brass quintet and organ / Miklos Rozsa
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