Understanding Phrases and Participles in English
Learn about different types of phrases, such as prepositional and appositive phrases, their functions in sentences, and how to correctly identify and use them. Practice identifying and correcting misplaced and dangling participles. Includes examples and explanations to enhance understanding of these important language elements.
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Mrs. Fernandez Honors English August 5, 2015 Date your journal (8/5/15)and respond to the following questions: (1) It seems that every out-of-work celebrity usually ends up hosting a talk show. (2) Unfortunately, talk show careers usually last only a few months. (3) Usually these celebrity talk shows book other underemployed celebrities to come on as guest. (4) Talk shows often amount to nothing more than bad publicity for the hosts. (5) Therefore, as they say in show business, any publicity (even bad publicity) is good publicity. (1) Which of the following revisions does the paragraph most need? A) Add the word typically to sentences 4 and 5. B) Delete the word usually from several sentences. C) Place the last sentence of the paragraph at the beginning of the paragraph. D) Change the tense of the verbs to past tense. E) Change the tense of the verbs to future tense. (2) In the context of the paragraph, which of the following revisions does sentence 5 most need? A) Replace Therefore with Whatever B) Replace Therefore with Still C) Replace is with was D) Add a colon after business E) Offset Therefore with quotation marks.
August 5, 2015 We will review types of phrases. We will review misplaced and dangling participles. We will review arguments fact and judgment. You will take notes on phrases and participles. You will practice writing phrases and fixing participles. You will solve a murder mystery. You will begin to build criteria for an argument of judgment.
Phrases: Five different Phrase Types: Prepositional Add meaning to sentences by modifying nouns and verbs Show relationship between nouns/pronouns with other words The workers gather a rich variety and distribute it. From many sources, the workers at the Community Food Bank gather a rich variety of produce and surplus food and distribute it to soup kitchens, day-care centers, and homes for the elderly.
Appositive Phrases: An appositive noun provides information about the preceding noun. Appositive phrases are useful in sentence combining, and most are set off by commas at the beginning and at the end of the phrase: John is a carpenter during the day. John spends his evenings recuperating. John, a carpenter by day, spends his evenings recuperating. However, an appositive should not be set off by commas if the information is deemed essential to the meaning of the sentence. The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the kitchen table. My sister lives in Columbus, Ohio. Jenny is a doctor. My sister Jenny, a doctor, lives in Columbus, Ohio.
Appositive Phrases Combine using an appositive. My father is a great fisherman. My father is the mayor of this town. My brother is the quarterback for the Miami Dolphins. He threw four touchdown passes in last night s game
Include an appositive phrase: Buster still chews the couch even though he is not a puppy. The coach charged the umpire after the out was called.
Gerund Phrases: Phrases beginning with a word that looks like a verb and ends in ing. Gerund phrases act as a noun in a sentence. Threat them as if they are one word. They can act as subjects, direct objects, objects of a preposition, predicate nouns, and appositives. They can also appear as a single word and not part of a phrase. I love splashing Direct Object Splashing in the pool was challenging. Subject By splashing in the pool, I cooled myself off. Object of the preposition My favorite activity is splashing in the pool.-Predicate noun My favorite activity, splashing in the pool, makes me feel refreshed. - Appositive
Participle Phrases: Participle phrases can look just like gerunds, but they function as adjectives and not nouns: eating the meal, sleeping all night, dreaming the impossible dream, pondering life s magnificence. Can begin with words that look live verbs ending in ing and ed, or irregular past tense forms of verbs as in eaten by the bear. Most will be separated from the sentence by commas (gerunds are never separated by commas). Blinded by the light, I lost my bearings. Splashing in the pool, Sue got he hair wet. The young man, sauntering down the street, is my brother. I went to the meeting, expecting the worst.
Misplaced and Dangling Participles: Dangling Participle: Slipping on the wet sidewalk, the keys fell from Amaury s pocket. (Can keys slip on wet sidewalks?) 1. Turn the Misplaced or Dangling Participle Into a Dependent Clause. Correct: When Amaury slipped on the wet sidewalk, the keys fell from his pocket. 2. Make the Thing Being Modified by the Participle, the Subject of the Main Clause. Correct: Slipping on the wet sidewalk, Amaury lost his keys when they fell from his pocket.
Misplaced and Dangling Participles: 3. Place the Participle as Close as Logically Possible to the Noun it Modifies. Misplaced: Crying and screaming, Mrs. Williams led three-year old Mindy away from the toy store. Correct: Mrs. Williams led three-year old Mindy, crying and screaming, away from the toy store.
Fixing Misplaced and Dangling Participles: 1. Shaken, not stirred, James Bond likes his martinis. 2. While driving to the Homestead Campus, a pillow fell from James s car. 3. Shocked by the foul language on television, the remote control dropped from Aunt Sherry s hand. 4. Running across Tropical Park, the paddle boats on the lake appeared to be floating on air.
