Understanding Gender-Based Violence: Human Rights Perspective
The content discusses the clinical management of sexual violence survivors, barriers to care and support, human rights principles, and attitudes contributing to the problem of gender-based violence. It emphasizes the integration of guiding principles in healthcare for improved access to care. Violations of human rights through gender-based violence are highlighted, showcasing the need for universal rights protection. The societal attitudes presented underscore the urgent need for combating harmful beliefs and practices to address the global issue effectively.
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Clinical management Clinical management of sexual violence of sexual violence Sexual and gender-based violence: Core concepts If the guiding principles are integrated into health care services, access to care for sexual violence survivors will be improved.
Barriers to care and support Barriers to care and support Do you think all survivors report to your facility? Why or why not?
Human Rights Human Rights All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Human rights are universal, inalienable, indivisible, interconnected, and interdependent. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms, without distinction of any kind, such as race, gender, religion, political opinion, etc. Prevention of and response to gender-based violence is directly linked to the protection of human rights.
GBV and Human Rights GBV and Human Rights GBV violates a number of human rights principles: Life, liberty, and security of the person Freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment Freedom of movement, opinion, expression, and association Entering into marriage with free and full consent and the entitlement to equal rights to marriage, during marriage, and at its dissolution Equality, including to equal protection under the law, even during war Human dignity and physical integrity Freedom from all forms of discrimination Equality in the family The highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
Attitudes that contribute to the problem Attitudes that contribute to the problem Wife beating is an accepted custom we are wasting our time debating the issue. Papua New Guinea member of Parliament during debate on wife battering .. If it's a legitimate rape, the female body has ways to try to shut that whole thing (becoming pregnant) down -US member of Congress through questions related to her sexual life it is possible to tell if the woman is responsible for the attack, because in most cases, it is the woman who provokes the aggression Agent from the Mexico City Attorney General s Office If my daughter or sister allowed herself to lose face by doing such things, I would most certainly take (her) to my farmhouse and in front of my entire family, I would put petrol on her and set her alight Perpetrator's defense lawyer in India
GBV Tree Verbal abuse Domestic violence FGM Examples of GBV Isolation Sexual abuse Forced marriage Rape Dowry abuse Alcohol and drugabuse Poverty Contributing factors Sexual Physical Emotional Economic Harmful practices Lackof education Lackof police protection Conflict Root causes Disrespect for human rights Abuse of power Gender inequality
Prevention Prevention To prevent sexual violence you need to understand root causes and contributing factors that put people at risk in all sectors Food security Human resources Protection Health Education Community Water sanitation Non-food distribution Camp management Response To develop an appropriate response to sexual violence you need to understand the possible consequences of sexual violence
Definitions and Terminology Definitions and Terminology There is no consensus on terminology or definitions among agencies or individuals. UNHCR: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence IASC: Gender-Based Violence WHO: Violence Against Women ICRC: Sexual Violence
Definitions Definitionsof (S)GBV of (S)GBV IASC definition for GBV An umbrella term for any harmful actthat is perpetratedagainst a person s will, and that is based on socially ascribed differences between males and females There are also different types or forms of violence: (1) sexual (2) physical; (3) harmful traditional practices; (4) socio-economic; and (5) emotional and psychological UNHCR definition for SGBV gender-based violence is violence that is directed against a person on the basis of gender or sex. It includes acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion and other deprivations of liberty
Definition of sexual violence Definition of sexual violence WHO/IASC: any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed against,a person s sexuality, using coercion, threats of harm or physical force, by any person regardless of relationship to the victim, in any setting, including but not limited to home and work World Report on violence and health, WHO, 2002 Page 8, IASC GBV Guidelines
Types of sexual violence Types of sexual violence Rape Sexual slavery and/or trafficking Sexual harassment, indecent assault Sexual exploitation and/or abuse Forced pregnancy, abortion, or sterilization Strip searches Incest Forced marriage, levirate marriage, early marriage Female genital mutilation
Why focus on clinical care of Why focus on clinical care of sexual violence? sexual violence? Sexual violence is immediately life-threatening Sexual violence has serious negative consequences at all levels Effective response to sexual violence can prevent further violence It is feasible and possible to prevent some negative consequences of sexual violence Providing clinical care for survivors of sexual Providing clinical care for survivors of sexual violence is a priority intervention in emergencies violence is a priority intervention in emergencies
International definition of rape International definition of rape Invasion of the body of a person by conduct resulting in penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim or of the perpetrator with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim s body with any object or any other part of the body committed by force, or by threat of force or coercion or by taking advantage of a coercive environment, or committed against a person incapable of giving genuine consent -International Criminal Court (ICC)
Definition of rape in national laws Definition of rape in national laws Legal definitions differ for each country, but always include: Rape occurs without consent of the victim Some kind of force was used What is the legal definition of rape in your setting?
Legal definition of rape Legal definition of rape <Update this slide with information prior to the training>
Victim or Survivor Victim or Survivor Victim Suggests passivity rather than resilience Reinforces stigmatization But: Important status for legal purposes Survivor Empowering Right to self-determination
Key messages Key messages Sexual violence is a violation of human rights Abuse of power and gender inequality are root causes of GBV Various stakeholders must collaborate to develop comprehensive sexual violence prevention and response activities There is no common terminology amongst actors Agree on the same definitions when responding to survivors Guiding principles: Safety Confidentiality Respect Non-discrimination
