Understanding Gender-Based Violence Risks and DTM Enumerators' Responsibilities

GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE RISKS
AND DTM:
WHAT SHOULD DTM
ENUMERATORS KNOW?
 
COUNTRY/LOCATION
 
DATES
 
 
 
Part 1
 
Learning objectives
 
1.
Be able to differentiate between Sex and Gender
2.
Define GBV
3.
Identify forms of GBV, root causes, contributing
factors and consequences of GBV
4.
Understand how emergencies can exacerbate
GBV risks
 
 
Activity
 
 
Divide into 2 groups
 
In a flip chart
Group one: 
Identify personality traits, attributes,
and roles that are often associated with women.
Group two: 
Identify personality traits, attributes,
and roles that are often associated with men
 
Sex vs. Gender
 
   “GBV = rape, right?”
 
Rape is a form of GBV but so are:
 
 Sexual violence that does not end up in rape
Domestic violence/Intimate Partner Violence
•  Harmful traditional practices
•  Forced/early/child marriage
•  Denial of resources or opportunities
•  Sexual harassment
•  Sexual exploitation
•  Sex-selective abortion
•  Some forms of trafficking
•  etc….
 
 
 
 
Gender-Based Violence (GBV)
 
Gender-based Violence 
(GBV) is an umbrella
term for 
any harmful 
act that is perpetrated
against a person’s will 
and that is based on
socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences
between males and females. It includes acts
that inflict 
physical, sexual or mental harm or
suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and
other deprivations of liberty
. These acts can
occur in public or in private.
 
 
  Understanding GBV- Exercise
 
In small groups, identify:
 
Root causes for GBV
 
Specific risk factors for GBV in your context?
 
- What increases the likelihood of GBV
occurring?
 
Consequences of different forms of GBV?
 
- Physical, social, economic, psychological?
 
Root causes and
contributing
factors
 
Forms of GBV
 
Consequences
of GBV
 
Root causes and contributing
factors of GBV
 
Consequences of GBV
 
Why does GBV occur in
emergencies?
 
Pre-existing - 
exists independent of, or prior to
emergency or conflict
 
Emergency-related - 
specific to/resulting from the
disaster or conflict
 
Humanitarian-related - 
caused directly or indirectly
by  humanitarian environment
 
How is GBV exacerbated in
emergencies?
 
New threats/forms of GBV related to conflict
Lack of privacy; overcrowding; lack of safe access to basic
needs
Design of humanitarian aid heightens or introduces new
GBV risks
Separation from family members; lack of documentation;
registration discrimination
Breakdown of protective social mechanisms and norms
regulating behaviour
Increased vulnerability and dependence; exploitation
Introduction of new power dynamics, as with humanitarian
actors
 
Can GBV happen to men and
boys?
 
Gendered vulnerabilities can put ANYONE - men,
women, boys and girls  - at heightened risk for
violence but not all violence is gender-based.
In those cases where men and boys are exposed to
GBV humanitarians must ensure care and support
for 
all
 survivors.
The contexts, causes, and consequences of
violence against women and girls/men and boys
are different. 
Risk analyses that take gender into
account are critical to inform programming.
 
Summary of GBV – Part 1
 
GBV is rooted in gender and power inequalities that
exist outside of conflict or disaster but that can be
exacerbated by it.
Additionally, there are particular ways that GBV can
manifest in an emergency context.
Always assume that GBV is occurring.
Obtaining prevalence data or “evidence” 
is
 NOT
advisable and NOT our role
 
in an emergency.
Because of
 
under-reporting and the
 
risks associated
with obtaining
 
data, the priority is to establish
prevention, mitigation
 
and response measures as soon
as possible.
 
 
 
 
 
Part 2
 
Learning objectives
 
Understand the role of non-GBV specialists in GBV
prevention, mitigation and response
Learn how to mainstream GBV in the DTM
Become familiar with GBV related indicators and
their definitions
Know how to safely and ethically respond to a GBV
disclosure and become familiar with the referral
mechanisms
Roles and responsibilities
towards GBV
 
SPECIALIZED
PROGRAMMING:
specialists
Direct service delivery
Case management
GBV specialized psychosocial
support
Clinical care
Legal support
Economic reintegration
How to mainstream GBV in the DTM? 
 
GBV “MAINSTREAMING”
all actors
Avoid creating or exacerbating
risks of GBV
Reduce existing risks
Understand and link to referral
mechanisms for GBV survivors
Applying core minimum
standards into agency activities
 
What a DTM enumerator
should do to mainstream
GBV
 
 
Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV.
Identifying risk factors and trends (through
indicators provided).
Inform yourself about services available and on
what you should you come across a GBV survivor,
know the referral mechanisms in place and comply
with standards set in guidelines.
 
1/ Avoid creating or
exacerbating risks of GBV
 
 
IOM Standards of Conduct
 
  
Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and
  
Abuse (PSEA) by aid workers
 
      
Do no harm
 
2/ Identifying risk factors and
trends through the indicators
provided
 
 
Before starting: methodologies
 
Choice of key informants
Focus group discussions
Importance of gender-balanced teams
Importance of choosing the place and the time for DTM
assessments
 
 
The importance of SADD
 
Sex and Age Disaggregated Data (SADD) are
important for all responders, including GBV actors
 
Why collecting SADD? What can SADD tell us? Why
SADD are important for humanitarian actors including
GBV specialists?
 
Indicators and definitions
The cards’ game
 
 
Divide into 4 groups
Match the term/word with the correct definition
 
 
Indicators and definitions
The Site Assessment form
 
With your neighbour:
Go through the site assessment form
Identify all the indicators in the form that could
help specialized actors to identify risks of GBV
Debriefing will take place in plenary
 
3/ Responding to a GBV disclosure
as a non-GBV specialist
 
DTM enumerators should not look for individual
incidents or number of GBV cases
However, in some cases it may happen that a GBV
incident is disclosed to you
Anyone the survivor tells about his/her experience
has a responsibility to give honest and complete
information about services available.
How to respectfully and supportively engage with
survivors and provide referral information in an
ethical, safe and confidential manner?
 
The survivor-centered
approach
 
A Survivor-Centered
response
 
Key Principles:
Safety, Confidentiality, Non-discrimination, Respect
The survivor should tell the story once, hopefully to
a specialist
DO NO HARM
Informed consent
Access to specialized services
 
 
What are referrals?
 
The processes by which a survivor gets in touch
with professionals and/or institutions regarding
his/her case
 
 
AND
 
 
The processes by which different professional
sectors communicate and work together, in a safe,
ethical and confidential manner, to provide the
survivor with comprehensive support
 
What is a «referral pathway»?
 
A flexible mechanism that safely links survivors
to supportive and competent services
 
Can include any or all of the following: Health,
Psychosocial, Security and Protection,
Legal/Justice, and/or Economic Reintegration
support
 
Example of referral pathways
 
In your mission/duty station:
 
 
 
 
Part 3
 
Scenario
What should you do?...
 
You are a DTM enumerator. You are visiting an IDP
site.  While you are there a little girl runs over to
you and tells you that her mother has been
attacked earlier that morning. She takes you to see
the woman who seems highly distressed.
 
What should you do?...
 
 
Ask if the woman is hurt?
 
 
 
 
Checking if a survivor has any immediate medical
needs is a first step in response.
 
Listen to their needs: e.g. “You seem to be in a lot
of pain right now, would you like to go to the health
clinic? We can continue talking afterwards.”
 
 
Ask for details of what happened?
 
 
 
 
The details of what happened and by whom are not
important or relevant to your role in listening and
providing information on available services.
Without proper training to interview survivors of
rights abuses, staff should never attempt to
interview or gain further information about an
incident.
 
 
 
 
Ask who is responsible for attacking her?
 
 
 
 
The details of what happened and by whom are not
important or relevant to your role in listening and
providing information on available services.
 
Without proper training to interview survivors of
rights abuses, staff should never attempt to
interview or gain further information about an
incident.
 
 
Ask survivor for details of when and where it
happened.
 
 
 
 
The details of what happened and by whom are not
important or relevant to your role in listening and
providing information on available services.
 
Without proper training to interview survivors of
rights abuses, staff should never attempt to
interview or gain further information about an
incident.
 
 
Ask what specific help/assistance she needs.
Ask if she is happy for you to contact someone to
get support or help.
 
 
 
 
Trying to help a survivor access appropriate services
(medical; counseling; legal) is an important step.
Staff should be provided with a list of services that can be
referred to in the area they are working.
Communicate detailed information about the available
resource/service including how to access it, relevant times
and locations, focal points at the service etc..
You must ask the survivor for informed consent before
contacting any service providers.
 
 
Give the person contact information for health,
counseling or other relevant services.
 
 
 
 
If the survivor is not comfortable with you contacting service providers
on their behalf you can provide them with contact information of
service providers that may be able to help them.
DO ask if there is someone, a friend, family member, caregiver or
anyone else, that they trust that they can go to for support.
DO offer your phone or communication device, if you feel safe doing so,
to the survivor to contact someone they trust.
Do not share information about the survivor or their experience to
anyone without explicit and informed consent of the survivor. Do not
record details of the incident or personal identifiers of the survivor.
 
 
Don’t say anything at the time, but later call the
police from somewhere private and safe.
 
 
 
You should not call the police on behalf of the survivor
unless they have requested that you do so and have
provided informed consent.
DO NOT share the details of the incident and personal
identifiers of the survivor with anyone. This includes the
survivor’s family members, police/security forces,
community leaders, colleagues, supervisors, etc. Sharing
this information can lead to more harm for the survivor.
 
 
 
Write the details of the case on the DTM form
 
 
 
 
You should NEVER write the details of an individual
incident in the DTM form.
 
DO NOT write anything down, take photos of the
survivor, record the conversation on your phone or
other device, or inform others including the media.
 
 
WHY?
 
 
Report the incident to your manager / Protection
staff member and ask for advice
 
 
 
Without sharing any details you can share with
your manager or with a GBV/protection specialist
that you encountered a disclosure. Especially, if you
require further support on the appropriate way to
respond.
 
 
Do nothing if it is a domestic violence or
family/community matter.
 
 
Domestic violence is a serious offence in most
countries. You should provide the same support to
a survivor of domestic violence as any other human
rights violation.
Ignoring domestic violence is not acceptable.
 
 
Check safety: your safety, the safety of other staff
members and the safety of the affected person and
the community.
 
 
Before taking any action you should check that you,
other staff, the survivor and the other community
members are safe.
 
Key messages
 
Do no harm, safety and dignity should always be central to 
agency
responses to allegations or incidents of abuse
DO NOT offer your own advice or opinion on the best course of action or
what to do next.
DO NOT assume you know what someone wants or needs. Some actions
may put someone at further risk of stigma, retaliation, or harm.
Remember that your role is to provide a listening ear and to share
accurate, up-to-date information on available services and let the
survivor make their own choices on what feels safe for them. Seeking
services is not always safe for a survivor and could lead to more harm.
Always ensure your safety, the safety of your staff and of the survivor
and her/his community
Agencies should have clear self-referral pathways 
and contact details for
specialist medical, legal, psychosocial and protection services, ensuring
this information is regularly updated and available to all staff.
Slide Note

Background: GBViE, Call to Action, IOM supported since 2014 to mainstream GBV in several sectors of assistance, including CCCM, shelter and DTM. Objective: Doing better a protection women and girls in emergencies. Global cooperation with the GBV AoR.

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This content focuses on educating enumerators about gender-based violence (GBV) risks and Differential Timing Methodology (DTM). It covers learning objectives such as differentiating between sex and gender, defining GBV, identifying forms of GBV, understanding its root causes, and exploring how emergencies can exacerbate GBV risks. Activities include group exercises to identify traits associated with men and women. The content also discusses the differences between sex and gender, various forms of GBV beyond rape, and the concept of GBV as any harmful act based on gender differences. Enumerators are encouraged to explore root causes and risk factors for GBV in their specific contexts.


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  1. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE RISKS AND DTM: WHAT SHOULD DTM ENUMERATORS KNOW? COUNTRY/LOCATION DATES

  2. Part 1 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  3. Learning objectives 1. Be able to differentiate between Sex and Gender 2. Define GBV 3. Identify forms of GBV, root causes, contributing factors and consequences of GBV 4. Understand how emergencies can exacerbate GBV risks GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  4. Activity Divide into 2 groups In a flip chart Group one: Identify personality traits, attributes, and roles that are often associated with women. Group two: Identify personality traits, attributes, and roles that are often associated with men GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  5. Sex vs. Gender Sex Gender Physical/ biological differences between females and males Social differences between males and females Determined by biology Determined by social factors history, culture, tradition, societal norms, religion Does not change (without surgical intervention) Involves the socialization for boys and girls, and men and women and can change over time. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  6. GBV = rape, right? Rape is a form of GBV but so are: Sexual violence that does not end up in rape Domestic violence/Intimate Partner Violence Harmful traditional practices Forced/early/child marriage Denial of resources or opportunities Sexual harassment Sexual exploitation Sex-selective abortion Some forms of trafficking etc . GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  7. Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Gender-based Violence (GBV) is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person s will and that is based on socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences between males and females. It includes acts that inflict physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. These acts can occur in public or in private. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  8. Understanding GBV- Exercise In small groups, identify: Root causes for GBV Specific risk factors for GBV in your context? - What increases the likelihood of GBV occurring? Consequences of different forms of GBV? - Physical, social, economic, psychological? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  9. Consequences of GBV Forms of GBV Root causes and contributing factors GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  10. Root causes and contributing factors of GBV GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  11. Consequences of GBV GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  12. Why does GBV occur in emergencies? Pre-existing - exists independent of, or prior to emergency or conflict Emergency-related - specific to/resulting from the disaster or conflict Humanitarian-related - caused directly or indirectly by humanitarian environment GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  13. How is GBV exacerbated in emergencies? New threats/forms of GBV related to conflict Lack of privacy; overcrowding; lack of safe access to basic needs Design of humanitarian aid heightens or introduces new GBV risks Separation from family members; lack of documentation; registration discrimination Breakdown of protective social mechanisms and norms regulating behaviour Increased vulnerability and dependence; exploitation Introduction of new power dynamics, as with humanitarian actors GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  14. Can GBV happen to men and boys? Gendered vulnerabilities can put ANYONE - men, women, boys and girls - at heightened risk for violence but not all violence is gender-based. In those cases where men and boys are exposed to GBV humanitarians must ensure care and support for all survivors. The contexts, causes, and consequences of violence against women and girls/men and boys are different. Risk analyses that take gender into account are critical to inform programming. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  15. Summary of GBV Part 1 GBV is rooted in gender and power inequalities that exist outside of conflict or disaster but that can be exacerbated by it. Additionally, there are particular ways that GBV can manifest in an emergency context. Always assume that GBV is occurring. Obtaining prevalence data or evidence is NOT advisable and NOT our rolein an emergency. Because ofunder-reporting and therisks associated with obtainingdata, the priority is to establish prevention, mitigationand response measures as soon as possible. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  16. Part 2 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  17. Learning objectives Understand the role of non-GBV specialists in GBV prevention, mitigation and response Learn how to mainstream GBV in the DTM Become familiar with GBV related indicators and their definitions Know how to safely and ethically respond to a GBV disclosure and become familiar with the referral mechanisms GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  18. Roles and responsibilities towards GBV SPECIALIZED PROGRAMMING: specialists Direct service delivery GBV MAINSTREAMING all actors Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV Reduce existing risks Understand and link to referral mechanisms for GBV survivors Applying core minimum standards into agency activities Case management GBV specialized psychosocial support Clinical care Legal support Economic reintegration How to mainstream GBV in the DTM? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  19. What a DTM enumerator should do to mainstream GBV Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV. Identifying risk factors and trends (through indicators provided). Inform yourself about services available and on what you should you come across a GBV survivor, know the referral mechanisms in place and comply with standards set in guidelines. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  20. 1/ Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV IOM Standards of Conduct Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) by aid workers Do no harm GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  21. 2/ Identifying risk factors and trends through the indicators provided Before starting: methodologies Choice of key informants Focus group discussions Importance of gender-balanced teams Importance of choosing the place and the time for DTM assessments GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  22. The importance of SADD Sex and Age Disaggregated Data (SADD) are important for all responders, including GBV actors Why collecting SADD? What can SADD tell us? Why SADD are important for humanitarian actors including GBV specialists? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  23. Indicators and definitions The cards game Divide into 4 groups Match the term/word with the correct definition GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  24. Indicators and definitions The Site Assessment form With your neighbour: Go through the site assessment form Identify all the indicators in the form that could help specialized actors to identify risks of GBV Debriefing will take place in plenary GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  25. 3/ Responding to a GBV disclosure as a non-GBV specialist DTM enumerators should not look for individual incidents or number of GBV cases However, in some cases it may happen that a GBV incident is disclosed to you Anyone the survivor tells about his/her experience has a responsibility to give honest and complete information about services available. How to respectfully and supportively engage with survivors and provide referral information in an ethical, safe and confidential manner? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  26. The survivor-centered approach GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  27. A Survivor-Centered response Key Principles: Safety, Confidentiality, Non-discrimination, Respect The survivor should tell the story once, hopefully to a specialist DO NO HARM Informed consent Access to specialized services GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  28. What are referrals? The processes by which a survivor gets in touch with professionals and/or institutions regarding his/her case AND The processes by which different professional sectors communicate and work together, in a safe, ethical and confidential manner, to provide the survivor with comprehensive support GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  29. What is a referral pathway? A flexible mechanism that safely links survivors to supportive and competent services Can include any or all of the following: Health, Psychosocial, Security and Protection, Legal/Justice, and/or Economic Reintegration support GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  30. Example of referral pathways GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  31. In your mission/duty station: GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  32. Part 3 GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  33. Scenario What should you do?... You are a DTM enumerator. You are visiting an IDP site. While you are there a little girl runs over to you and tells you that her mother has been attacked earlier that morning. She takes you to see the woman who seems highly distressed. What should you do?... GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  34. Ask if the woman is hurt? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  35. Checking if a survivor has any immediate medical needs is a first step in response. Listen to their needs: e.g. You seem to be in a lot of pain right now, would you like to go to the health clinic? We can continue talking afterwards. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  36. Ask for details of what happened? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  37. The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services. Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  38. Ask who is responsible for attacking her? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  39. The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services. Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  40. Ask survivor for details of when and where it happened. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  41. The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services. Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  42. Ask what specific help/assistance she needs. Ask if she is happy for you to contact someone to get support or help. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  43. Trying to help a survivor access appropriate services (medical; counseling; legal) is an important step. Staff should be provided with a list of services that can be referred to in the area they are working. Communicate detailed information about the available resource/service including how to access it, relevant times and locations, focal points at the service etc.. You must ask the survivor for informed consent before contacting any service providers. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  44. Give the person contact information for health, counseling or other relevant services. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  45. If the survivor is not comfortable with you contacting service providers on their behalf you can provide them with contact information of service providers that may be able to help them. DO ask if there is someone, a friend, family member, caregiver or anyone else, that they trust that they can go to for support. DO offer your phone or communication device, if you feel safe doing so, to the survivor to contact someone they trust. Do not share information about the survivor or their experience to anyone without explicit and informed consent of the survivor. Do not record details of the incident or personal identifiers of the survivor. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  46. Dont say anything at the time, but later call the police from somewhere private and safe. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  47. You should not call the police on behalf of the survivor unless they have requested that you do so and have provided informed consent. DO NOT share the details of the incident and personal identifiers of the survivor with anyone. This includes the survivor s family members, police/security forces, community leaders, colleagues, supervisors, etc. Sharing this information can lead to more harm for the survivor. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  48. Write the details of the case on the DTM form GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  49. You should NEVER write the details of an individual incident in the DTM form. DO NOT write anything down, take photos of the survivor, record the conversation on your phone or other device, or inform others including the media. WHY? GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

  50. Report the incident to your manager / Protection staff member and ask for advice GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

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