Nationalist Revolutions in Latin America: 1789-1900

Rising nationalism in Latin America during the late 1700s and early 1800s led to revolutions against European colonial powers. Inspired by Enlightenment ideals and events such as the American and French Revolutions, Latin Americans sought self-government and independence. The Haitian Revolution in 1791, led by figures like Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, resulted in Haiti becoming the first Latin American colony to gain independence from European control in 1804.

• Nationalist Revolutions
• Latin America
• Independence
• Enlightenment
• Revolution

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1. Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West 1789-1900

2. Rising Nationalism Nationalism was the most powerful ideal of the late 1700s/ early 1800s. http://www.middlebury.edu/media/view/157261/standard/Nations_and_Nationalism.jpg Increasing numbers of peoples desired self-government and control over their own lives. Inspired by Enlightenment ideals and by the American and French Revolutions. Latin Americans were the first to rise up against their imperial masters.

3. Current day Latin/South America I. E. H. G. J. F. A. B. C. D.

4. Latin America in 1800

5. Early 1800s: Latin America Revolts! People throughout Latin America inspired by the ENLIGHTENMENT ideals & FRENCH Revolution. Latin Americans rose up against the EUROPEAN/COLONIAL powers that controlled them with the goal of \winning their INDEPENDENCE.

7. Latin Americas First Revolution, 1791 St. Dominque (Hait) WHY??? Whites, a small minority, used brutal methods of control. African slaves outnumbered whites, yet slaves had no political power. Inspired by enlightened ideas of liberty and equality

9. Leaders of Haitis Slave Rebellion Toussanint L Ouverture (too SAN loo vair TOOR) Jean-Jacques Dessalines Ex-slave Agreed to end revolution if French ended slavery. Captured by French and died in French prison. Victorious general Won Haiti s independence. Haiti s founding father Toussanint L Ouverture

10. French Fail to Suppress Rebellion 16,000 French troops sent by Napoleon failed to put down. Ended Napoleon s plans Expand French empire in the Americas

11. Independence for Haiti St. Dominque became first Latin American (and first black) colony to free itself from European control. Became independent state of Haiti 1804. Haiti s Founding Father Jean-Jacques Dessalines

12. Social Classes in S. America Social Classes were determined by birth, and there was no opportunity for change. Social Class Groups in the new world: The Peninsulares- Born in Europe, moved to new world. Highest group. .1%. Only group eligible to hold public office. The Creoles- born in the new world to European parents. 22.8% of population. Frustrated with lack of opportunity because of birth status. The Metizos- Mixed European and Indian Ancestry. 7% The Mulattos- Mixed European and African. 7% Africans and Indians- though large groups (especially Indians @ 55%) they had very little say and were treated poorly.

13. Which groups were European (Spanish)? What was the difference between those two groups? Which group was at the top of the social pyramid and held all the power? What was the difference between the Mestizos and the Mulattos? Which group was comprised of slaves with monetary value? Which group was at the bottom of the social pyramid? Which group led most of the revolutions that occurred in Latin America at this time?

14. Spanish South Americas Social System Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Africans Native Americans (Indians) 56% of population Little $$ value Treated the worst of all classes

15. Creole-Led Revolutions Well-educated Creole class led the fight for independence in Latin America. Why? 1. Wealthy young Creoles traveled to Europe & were influenced by Enlightenment ideas. 2. Felt mistreated & oppressed by Spain. 3. Felt no loyalty to a foreign king: Napoleon s brother, Joseph, whom Napoleon had placed on the throne in Spain. 4. Peninsular Wars in Europe gave the Creoles an opportunity to gain independence from Spain.

16. The Libertadores (Liberators) End Spanish Rule in South America Gen. SimonBolivar (wealthy creole) defeated Spanish army and won independence for Venezuela in 1821. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_abjtkIlYpQ0/SPNwwDSsuGI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/lcrYDuC4Wpw/s320/7017P-Bolivar~Hispanic-Heritage-Simon-Bolivar-Posters.jpg Gen. Jose de San Martin won independence for Argentina & Chile Bolivar then defeated Spanish in Peru, winning freedom for all Spanish colonies in Latin America in 1824

17. Meeting between Bolivar and San Martin in Ecuador, 1821

18. The George Washington of Latin America Simon Bolivar http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Simon_Bolivar_%22The_Liberator%22.jpg/220px-Simon_Bolivar_%22The_Liberator%22.jpg http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTmreZ8UN0IRxiowNII1Yii0eku_dAiXSHygRYHdIy-Nv_KgMZ6Sg http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR8VTr8QI0sSDJeUCf12n7g2R4hMdJqVmBxbEnztj-_hWpf51lBkg

19. Revolution in Mexico 1810-1821

20. Mexico ends Spanish rule Village Priest, Padre Miguel Hidalgo, (mee- GEHL ee-THAHL- goh) rang his church bells and called for Death to all Spainards http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_tTFdYezGXMQ/TI51UUD-4wI/AAAAAAAAK_0/_8PQa6zlsa8/s400/hidalgo.JPG Raised an army and killed many Spaniards before being caught and executed by firing squad.

21. Miguel Hidalgo Leads Mexican Revolution Frente a Frente http://www.nosdigital.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/posbib911.gif

22. Revolution in Mexico, 1810-1821 Mexican revolution was led by Indians and Mestizos http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/h/fotos/hidalgo_2.jpg Mexico s Creoles joined the fight later . Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821. Padre Miguel Hidalgo

23. Revolution in Brazil 1822

24. Revolution in Brazil, 1822 Creoles demanded independence from Portugal in 1822. Petitioned king s son Dom Pedro, to rule them, and after agreeing, he declared Brazil s independence. What was unique about Brazil s revolution? Brazil s Royal Liberator No fighting. Bloodless revolution. Dom Pedro

25. Latin American Independence, 1830

26. Independence Brings Disunity Destruction caused by the wars for independence left Latin America poorer and divided. The dream of some for a united Latin America quickly fell apart.

27. The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 http://www.cerebro.com/store/pc/catalog/2MONROE-DOCTRIN.jpg U.S. warns European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. U.S. regional influence grows. The U.S. becomes the dominant power (the hegemon) throughout Latin America.

28. The Monroe Doctrine http://fineartamerica.com/images-simple-print/images-medium/1-monroe-doctrine-cartoon-granger.jpg