Understanding Work Study Methods in Industrial Engineering

 
Work
 
study
 
Introduction
 
:
Parts 
of work
study
 
Work
 
study
 
Method
 
study
 
Work
 
Measurement
 
Method
improvement
 
Ergonomics
 
Definitions 
of
 
work
study
 
Work 
study 
is 
systematic 
examination 
of
methods of 
carrying 
out 
activities 
such 
as 
to 
improve
 
the
effective 
use 
of 
resources 
and 
to 
set 
up 
standards 
of
performance 
for 
the 
activities 
carried
 
out.
A 
generic 
term 
for 
those 
techniques, 
which 
are
used 
in 
the 
examination 
of 
human 
work 
in all 
its
contexts, and 
which 
lead 
systematically 
to 
the
investigation 
of 
all 
the 
factors 
which 
affect 
the 
efficiency
and
 economy.
 
Method
 
study
 
In 
method 
study 
we 
are 
use 
the 
techniques 
to 
examine
 
work
or 
the
 
process.
This
 
study
 
considers
 
what 
is 
done 
and 
how 
it 
is
 
done.
There 
is 
a 
systematic 
analysis 
of 
all 
elements, 
factors,
resources
 
and
 
the 
relationships 
affecting 
the 
efficiency
 
and
effectiveness 
of 
work 
being
 studied.
It 
was 
originally 
designed 
for 
the 
analysis 
and improvement
of 
repetitive, 
manual work, 
but it 
can 
be 
used 
for 
all types 
of
activity at 
all 
levels 
of 
an
 
organization.
The 
purpose 
of 
the 
study 
is 
to 
find 
economy 
of 
the 
money,
economy 
of 
human 
effort, economy 
of time, 
material, 
skill,
space 
machine 
time 
and 
tool
 
etc.
 
Cont…
 
Definition
 
:
the 
method 
study 
is 
the 
scientific 
, 
analytical
procedure
 
for
 
determining
 
preferable work
 
method
considering
 
,
The 
raw
 
materials
The 
design 
of 
the
 
product
The 
order 
of 
the
 
work
The tool, 
workplace 
and 
equipment 
for 
each 
individual
 
step
in
 
process
The 
hand 
body 
motions 
step used 
in 
each
 
step.
 
Stages 
of
 
methods 
study
 
It 
is 
a 
general 
problem solving 
strategy. 
Method 
study
represent 
following
 
stages.
 
1.
Select 
a 
task 
to
 
study.
2.
Record 
the 
facts 
about
 
it.
3.
Examine
 
these.
4.
Develop 
a 
new
 
method.
5.
install/implement
 
it.
6.
Maintain
 
it.
 
Work
 
measurement
Work 
measurement 
has 
importance 
in 
the
 
industrial
engineering 
department. 
it 
is 
also 
called 
as a 
time
study.
 
Definition:
it 
is 
the 
judgment, in 
terms 
of 
in 
terms 
of 
value
involving 
human 
efforts. 
It 
produces 
time 
standers for
the 
performance 
by 
man 
or 
by 
group 
of
 
men.
 
Purpose 
of
 
the 
work
measurement
 
To 
set
 
schedules
To 
determine 
supervisory
 
objectives
To
 
set
 
a
 
labour
 
standards
 
for
 
the
 
‘satisfactory’
 
performance.
To 
determine 
no. 
of 
machine 
that 
people 
may
 
run.
To 
balance 
the 
work 
of 
crews 
of production
 
line.
To 
compare alternative
 
methods.
To 
determine 
standard
 
cost.
To 
determine 
requirement 
of 
labour 
and
 
equipments.
To 
determine 
basic 
time 
or 
standard
 
data.
To 
determine 
the 
prices 
of 
piece 
or incentive
 
wages.
 
Techniques 
for
 
work
measurement
 
ergonomics
 
It 
is 
application 
of 
knowledge 
about 
human
ca
p
abil
i
ties
 
and
 
limi
tation
 
t
o
 
th
e
 
design
 
of
 
w
o
r
kpl
a
c
e,
equipment, 
tools, 
work 
methods, products 
and
organizational
 
structures.
The 
purpose 
of 
the 
ergonomics 
is 
to 
promote 
physical
comfort 
, 
productivity 
and
 
efficiency.
The 
term ergonomics 
is 
derived from 
two 
Greek 
words.
‘Ergo’
 
means
 
work
 
and
 
‘nomoi’
 
means
 
natural
 
laws.
It 
studies 
the 
human 
capabilities in 
relationship 
to
work
 
demand.
 
Principles
 
of
ergonomics
 
While 
working 
all 
activities should 
permit 
the 
worker 
to
have 
several 
different 
healthy 
and 
safe
 
postures.
Work 
activities should 
be 
perform 
with 
the 
joints 
at 
about
mid 
point 
of their 
range 
of 
movement 
. 
This 
applies
particularly 
to 
the 
head, trunk, 
upper
 
limbs.
---
it 
is 
impossible 
to 
understand 
the 
control 
of
movement 
without 
understanding 
the 
human 
bodies 
as
 
a
mechanical 
system 
with 
respect 
to 
its 
internal external
force.
 
The
 
factors,
 
which
 
affect
 
while
 
men
 
is
 
on
the
 
job
 
Force 
used by 
man. 
Its
 
exertion.
Repetition 
of 
same 
action 
again and
 
again.
Awkward 
posture 
of 
un 
natural
 
style.
Overexertion 
due 
to 
excessive 
strength 
used 
on
 
job.
Temperature, 
ventilation 
and 
humidity 
at 
the
 
workplace
due 
to 
typical
 
condition.
Noise 
created 
by machines, 
persons, 
speeches
 
etc.
Seeing 
continuously 
at 
unnatural 
level 
and 
positions 
and 
at
lighting
 
etc.
 
Computer 
related
 
problems
 
Workstation
 
design.
Keyboard 
working
 
height.
Wrist
 
rests.
Monitors.
Chair 
design 
and 
adjustment
 
procedure.
Manual 
material 
handling 
at 
workplace.
 
Physical
 
postures
Lifting
 
weight
 
1
 
2
 
lifting
 
weight
 
Posture
 
while
 
sitting
 
on
 
a
 
chair
 
3
 
Posture
 
while
 
sitting
 
on
 
a
 
chair
 
and
 
looking
at…
 
4
 
Pc
 
monitor
 
and
 
sitting
 
posture
 
5
 
Ergo
 
reminders
 
e
x
ercis
e
 
nutr
ition
 
r
e
la
x
a
t
i
o
n
 
b
o
d
y
 
m
i
nd
 
spiri
t
 
Thank 
you
 
!
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Work study involves the systematic examination of methods to improve resource utilization and set performance standards. It includes method study, work measurement, and ergonomics to enhance efficiency and economy in various activities. Method study analyzes work processes for improvement, while work measurement evaluates human effort and establishes time standards. Ergonomics focuses on optimizing workplace design for better performance. By following stages like selecting tasks, recording facts, and developing new methods, organizations can benefit from work study practices.


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  1. Work study Introduction: Parts of work study Workstudy Method study Work Measurement Method improvement Ergonomics

  2. Definitions of work study Work study is systematic examination of methods of carrying out activities such as to improvethe effective use of resources and to set up standards of performance for the activities carriedout. A generic term for those techniques, which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts, and which lead investigation of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy. systematically to the

  3. Method study In method study we are use the techniques to examinework or theprocess. Thisstudyconsiders what is done and how it isdone. There is a systematic analysis of all elements, factors, resourcesand the relationships affecting the efficiencyand effectiveness of work being studied. Itwas originally designed for the analysis and improvement of repetitive, manual work, but it can be used for all types of activity at all levels of anorganization. The purpose of the study is to find economy of the money, economy of human effort, economy of time, material, skill, space machine time and tooletc.

  4. Cont Definition : the method study is the scientific , analytical procedurefordetermining preferable workmethod considering , The rawmaterials The design of theproduct The order of thework The tool, workplace and equipment for each individualstep in process The hand body motions step used in eachstep.

  5. Stages of methods study It is a general problem solving strategy. Method study represent followingstages. Select a task tostudy. Record the facts aboutit. Examinethese. Develop a newmethod. install/implementit. Maintainit. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

  6. Work measurement Work measurement has importance in the industrial engineering department. it is also called as a time study. Definition: it is the judgment, in terms of in terms of value involving human efforts. It produces time standers for the performance by man or by group ofmen.

  7. Purpose of the work measurement To setschedules To determine supervisoryobjectives Toset a labour standards for the satisfactory performance. To determine no. of machine that people mayrun. To balance the work of crews of productionline. To compare alternativemethods. To determine standardcost. To determine requirement of labour andequipments. To determine basic time or standarddata. To determine the prices of piece or incentivewages.

  8. Techniques for work measurement

  9. ergonomics It is application of knowledge about human capabilitiesand limitation to thedesignof workplace, equipment, tools, work methods, products and organizational structures. The purpose of the ergonomics is to promote physical comfort , productivity andefficiency. The term ergonomics is derived from two Greek words. Ergo means work and nomoi means natural laws. It studies the human capabilities in relationship to workdemand.

  10. Principles of ergonomics While working all activities should permit the worker to have several different healthy and safepostures. Work activities should be perform with the joints at about mid point of their range of movement . This applies particularly to the head, trunk, upperlimbs. ---it is impossible to understand the control of movement without understanding the human bodies asa mechanical system with respect to its internal external force.

  11. The factors, which affect while men is on the job Force used by man. Its exertion. Repetition of same action again andagain. Awkward posture of un natural style. Overexertion due to excessive strength used onjob. Temperature, ventilation and humidity at theworkplace due to typicalcondition. Noise created by machines, persons, speeches etc. Seeing continuously at unnatural level and positions and at lightingetc.

  12. Computer related problems Workstationdesign. Keyboard working height. Wristrests. Monitors. Chair design and adjustmentprocedure. Manual material handling at workplace.

  13. Physical postures 1 Lifting weight

  14. 2 lifting weight

  15. 3 Posture while sitting on a chair

  16. 4 Posture while sitting on a chair and looking at

  17. 5 Pc monitor and sitting posture

  18. Ergo reminders

  19. exercis e nutrition relaxation body mind spirit

  20. Thank you !

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