Understanding Asphalt Binders in Pavement Construction

 
Chapter 6 Soils
 
Asphalt Pavements and Materials
 
 Petroleum Asphalts
 
Asphalt Cement contains 3  types of
hydrocarbons:
1.
Asphaltenes - large, hard, black material
2.
Resins - surrounds asphaltenes helping
ductility
3.
Oils - suspends resins allowing asphalt to
flow
 
Asphalt 
Cement
 
Asphalt cements are produced by distillation
of crude oil. Asphalt material is graded by its
viscosity at different temperatures.Common
to this area are AC-10 and AC-20.
 
Asphalt 
Paving Products:
 
Asphalt Cements - AC-10,AC-20, ect. used
to produce asphalt pavement
Liquid Asphalts - cutback with a solvent
then sprayed on material; solvent
evaporates leaving behind stiff surface
 
Asphalt 
Paving Products, cont.
 
Asphalt Emulsions 
- asphalt cement mixed
with soap and water, then sprayed on
material. Water evaporates leaving a stiff
surface. Environmental friendly compared
to Liquid Asphalts.
 
Petroleum Asphalts
 
Quality Control Tests for Asphalt:
Viscosity - ASTM D2171,D2170,E102
Penetration Values - ASTM D5
Ductility - ASTM D113
Thin-Film Oven Test - ASTM D1754
Solubility - ASTM D2042
Flashpoint - ASTM D92
 
Superpave
 
Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP)
SHRP started in 1987 to improve highways
SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council
cooperating with the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) and the American
Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
 
S
HRP Areas of Study
 
Highway operations
Concrete and structures
Asphalt
Long-term pavement performance
 
S
tandards
 
The standards developed by SHRP are called
Superpave standards, for SUperior PERforming
asphalt PAVEments. SHRP changed the name
asphalt cement to an asphalt binder because
of the modifiers mixed with the asphalt. The
grade of asphalt binder is tied to the average
high and low temperatures of the region.
 
Superpave 
Example
 
Example: PG 58-28 is for areas with an
average maximum temperature of 58
 and a
average low of -28
.
 
Tests for 
Superpave
 
New tests for Superpave:
Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFO)-
measures short term aging
Pressure Aging Vessel Test (PAV)- measures
long term aging
Rotational Viscometer Test -measures
viscosity at high temperatures
 
Tests 
for Superpave
, cont.
 
New tests for Superpave:
Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test - test
elastic and viscous properties at different
temperatures
Bending Beam Rheometer Test - resistance
to cracking at cold temperatures
 
Asphalt Mix Design
 
1.
Produce aggregates to meet specifications
2.
Run trial batches at different oil contents
3.
Trial batch tested for compliance to specs
4.
Repeat if necessary
 
Marshall Mix Design
 
Marshall Method:
1200 grams of mix is placed into 4” mold
Hammer is dropped 50 times
Turn over and hammer 50 times
Repeat for at least 3 pucks
 
Marshall Method 
Test
 
Marshall Method:
Test pucks for:
o
Flow and Stability
o
Density
o
Air Voids
 
Brought to you by:
 
This work for “Mapping New Careers in Geospatial Technologies” is a derivative of 
"AEC 212-Soils
Mechanics"
 by Aims Community College used under 
CC BY 4.0
 and is licensed by Mapping New
Careers in Geospatial Technology under a 
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
.
This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor’s
Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not
necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor
makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such
information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the
information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or
ownership.
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Asphalt binders play a crucial role in pavement construction, composed of three types of hydrocarbons: asphaltenes, resins, and oils. Different types of asphalt cements are produced for specific applications, such as liquid asphalts and asphalt emulsions. Quality control tests ensure the performance of asphalt, with standards like Superpave improving pavement durability. The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) drives advancements in highway infrastructure through collaboration with industry stakeholders.


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  1. Asphalt Cement contains 3 types of hydrocarbons: 1. Asphaltenes - large, hard, black material 2. Resins - surrounds asphaltenes helping ductility 3. Oils - suspends resins allowing asphalt to flow

  2. Asphalt cements are produced by distillation of crude oil. Asphalt material is graded by its viscosity at different temperatures.Common to this area are AC-10 and AC-20.

  3. Asphalt Cements - AC-10,AC-20, ect. used to produce asphalt pavement Liquid Asphalts - cutback with a solvent then sprayed on material; solvent evaporates leaving behind stiff surface

  4. Asphalt Emulsions - asphalt cement mixed with soap and water, then sprayed on material. Water evaporates leaving a stiff surface. Environmental friendly compared to Liquid Asphalts.

  5. Quality Control Tests for Asphalt: Viscosity - ASTM D2171,D2170,E102 Penetration Values - ASTM D5 Ductility - ASTM D113 Thin-Film Oven Test - ASTM D1754 Solubility - ASTM D2042 Flashpoint - ASTM D92

  6. Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) SHRP started in 1987 to improve highways SHRP is a unit of the National Research Council cooperating with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

  7. Highway operations Concrete and structures Asphalt Long-term pavement performance

  8. The standards developed by SHRP are called Superpave standards, for SUperior PERforming asphalt PAVEments. SHRP changed the name asphalt cement to an asphalt binder because of the modifiers mixed with the asphalt. The grade of asphalt binder is tied to the average high and low temperatures of the region.

  9. Example: PG 58-28 is for areas with an average maximum temperature of 58 and a average low of -28 .

  10. New tests for Superpave: Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFO)- measures short term aging Pressure Aging Vessel Test (PAV)- measures long term aging Rotational Viscometer Test -measures viscosity at high temperatures

  11. New tests for Superpave: Dynamic Shear Rheometer Test - test elastic and viscous properties at different temperatures Bending Beam Rheometer Test - resistance to cracking at cold temperatures

  12. 1. Produce aggregates to meet specifications 2. Run trial batches at different oil contents 3. Trial batch tested for compliance to specs 4. Repeat if necessary

  13. Marshall Method: 1200 grams of mix is placed into 4 mold Hammer is dropped 50 times Turn over and hammer 50 times Repeat for at least 3 pucks

  14. Marshall Method: Test pucks for: o Flow and Stability o Density o Air Voids

  15. Creative Commons License This work for Mapping New Careers in Geospatial Technologies is a derivative of "AEC 212-Soils Mechanics" by Aims Community College used under CC BY 4.0 and is licensed by Mapping New Careers in Geospatial Technology under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership.

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