Understanding Energy Conservation: Types, Importance, and Practices

Energy Conservation
Agenda
What is energy?
Types of energy.
Why to conserve energy?
What can we do?
Energy conservation in industries.
Energy conservation in India.
What is energy?
Energy is defined the ability or capacity to do work.
Energy lights our cities, powers our vehicles and runs
machinery in factories. It warms and cools our homes,
cooks our food, plays our music and gives us pictures
on television.
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Energy use has changed a great deal
since people relied solely on the sun,
their own strong bodies or beasts of
burden as energy resources.
 
 
Long ago, people
learned how to use
water power to turn
paddle wheels and
wind power for
transportation and
irrigation.
People learned to use
the chemical energy
stored in materials like
wood to cook and heat
their homes.
But machines and
technologies
introduced during the
Industrial Revolution
of the late 18
th
 century
required the use of
other energy resources,
especially fossil fuels.
Types of Energy
Renewable energy : It is the energy obtained from
sources that are essentially inexhaustible such as sun
and wind.
Non-renewable energy: It is the energy that comes
from the ground and is not replaced in a relatively
short amount of time.
Non-renewable energy examples
Thermal power plants using fossil fuels such as coal,
petroleum oil or natural gas.
Nuclear power plant
Renewable Energy
A renewable energy system converts the energy found
in sunlight, wind, falling water, sea waves, geo-thermal
heat or biomass into a form, we can use such as heat or
electricity.
Renewable Energy Examples
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydro power
Biomass
Geo-thermal
Tidal energy
Wave energy
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Solar Power
Solar power is a promising, renewable energy
resource than can be turned into electricity, and it
is used in many toys and even home heating.
Wind Energy
Wind power is
increasingly being used
as a clean source of
renewable energy.
Turbines harvest wind
on wind farms and
generate electricity.
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Hydro
Power
Hydroelectric plants use running water to generate
electricity, however they may flood nearby lands
and can disrupt the normal flow of water, both of
which negatively affect the environment.
Geothermal Power
Geothermal power uses the
earth’s natural heat to
generate electricity.
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Tidal
Power
Tidal power 
is a form of hydropower
that converts the 
energy
 obtained
from 
tides
 into 
electricity
.
undefined
OTEC
In OTEC, we use the
temperature
difference between
the hot surface of the
ocean and the cooler,
deeper layers
beneath to generate
electricity.
Energy Conservation
Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the
quantity of energy use for the same quality and
quantity of Output.
It may be achieved through efficient use, in which case
energy use is decreased while achieving a similar
outcome.
Energy conservation also includes prevention of
misuse of energy.
Why to Conserve Energy
Our energy demands are continuously increasing
(about 14% per year)
In 2015-16, India’s energy demand was 1114408 MU and
availability was 1090851 MU (2.1% shortage).
Similarly, peak demand was  153366 MW and
availability was 148463 MW (3.2% shortage).
Why to Conserve Energy …..
To make up the gap between demand and supply, new
power plants have to be installed, which requires capital
and time.
To meet the growing demand, it has been assessed that
additional generating capacity of 1 lakh MW has to be
added by 2017 requiring an investment of Rs. 8,00,000
crore approximately.
An alternative is Energy Conservation.
Energy Conservation measures can reduce power demand
and prune building up of additional generating capacity to
the extent it can be conserved.
Why to Conserve Energy …..
We have limited resources of fossil fuels available on
Earth. 60% resources are consumed so far.
We need a sustainable growth and save the resources
for future generations.
Energy conservation is one way to achieve this.
Our electricity bill becomes less.
It is not merely a technological issue but it
encompasses much broader economic and
management issues.
 
The cost effective of energy conservation
measures is well established as one unit of energy
saved at the consumer end avoids nearly 2.5 to 3
times of capacity augmentation due to plant load
factor, plant availability, auxiliary power
consumption.
Why to Conserve Energy …..
Thermal power shares about 65% of total electricity in
India and also in the whole world.
Poisonous gases such as CO, NO
x
, 
 
SO
X
 and ash are
released to the atmosphere causing environment
pollution.
CO
2 
 is released, which is the main factor for global
warming and climate change.
Sector wise Energy Consumption
Energy Saving Potential
Electricity Used for Lighting
 
Nearly 10% of the electricity is consumed for lighting
in the residential & commercial building. This
amounts to a connected load of approx. 11,000 MW
and annual electricity consumption of 50 billion
KWh.
Energy savings in lighting System
Make maximum use of natural light (translucent
sheets/more windows and openings)
Switch off when not required
Modify lighting layout to meet the need
Select light colors for interiors
Provide timer switches / PV controls / photo sensors
Provide lighting Transformer to operate at reduced
voltage
Install energy efficient lamps, luminaries and controls
Clean translucent sheet and luminaries regularly
 
Comparison Chart
 
LED Light, Incandescent Light & CFL
Energy Saving in Lighting
Separate  lighting Transformer
To isolate from power feeder
To avoid voltage fluctuation problem
Energy saving at optimum voltage
Install Servo stabilizer if separate transformer is not
feasible
Electronic ballast
Energy savings 30 to 35%
Less heat load into A/C room
Metal halide in place of Mercury and SVL lamps
CFT  in place of incandescent lamps
Energy Saving in Fan
Fans are used extensively in summer months. Use of
high efficiency fan motor and use of electronic
regulator (in place of conventional resistance
regulator) can lead to about 20% saving in energy. The
fans with aerodynamic designs and improved
impellers consume about 20% less energy but are 30%
costlier as compared to conventional fans.
Energy Saving in Refrigerator
   The efficiency of refrigerators in India, is rather
poor. A typical 165 ltr. Indian refrigerator
consumes about 540 KWH per year. Whereas on
the other hand the 200 ltr. Korean model
consumes about 240 KWH per year. High
efficiency refrigerator are not manufactured in
India. This refrigerators use a different compressor
design which are very sensitive to voltage of
electric supply. Unless quality of electric supply is
improved this refrigerators can not be improved in
India.
Energy Conservation in Industries
Energy saving potential in different industrial
equipments:
Boiler
Compressor
Furnace
Diesel Generating Set
Motor
Pump
Refrigeration
 
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Energy Saving in Motors …
 
Causes for Energy Loss in Induction Motors
   The Various causes of Energy Loss in Induction Motors
are due to the following factors:
Over sized Motors
Rewound Motors
Improper Voltage
Less Efficient Motor – Driven Equipment
Idle Run
 
 
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Over sized Induction Motor (contd.)
   The major reasons for over sizing of motors may be due
to :::
Starting torque requirements
Excess cushion & safety factors
Adhoc decisions
 
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Rewound Motors
Rewound Induction Motors are common in Indian
Industries. Especially, in Textiles, Paper industries and
Un-organised sectors such as small Flour mills, Lathe
shop and Agricultural farms. Induction Motors are
used even after more than four times rewound.
 
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Rewound Motors (contd.)
Reason for loss in efficiency Rewound Motors :::
Eddy Current loss – eddy current loss is proportional to the
square of the thickness of the lamination
At the time motor coil burning the temperature of the
winding rises more than 400
o
C, this temperature will
evaporate the varnish insulation between lamination of both
rotor and stator this results in increase of eddy current loss
 
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Presence of carbon: the stator and rotor core is made
up of thin stamping (0.28mm to 0.45mm). The
stamping are insulated from each other by varnish
insulation coating, which consists of hydrocarbon.
Therefore while motor coil burns varnish also burns
and evaporates. The resulting deposition of some
unburned carbon between the stampings  deteriorates
the magnetic property and hence the magnetic loss
increases.
 
 
 
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Improper Voltage
The performance of any induction motor will be
good, when the voltage/frequency ratio should be
maintained constant. If a 380 Volt 50 Hz designed
induction motor operated with 415V, 50Hz will
lead to excess magnetisation loss. This will be the
case in many of the imported motors designed for
other frequency and voltage than Indian frequency
& voltage.
 
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Less Efficient Motor – Driven Equipment
Earlier for variable speed, welding application etc.,
Motor Generator sets are used. This is the Energy
Inefficient practice. This offers a good scope to
reduce energy consumption by using the latest
technology to meet the requirements
For example the recent method to get accurate
variable speed control can be achieved by using
Thyristor drives which is the ideal replacement for
Ward Leonard drive. Similarly Motor Generator set
is used for welding application.
 
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Presently few machines are driven by Ward
Leonard drives for better speed control. From
Energy Efficiency point of view Ward Leonard
drives are inefficient and operating efficiency is
only 70 to 80% for full load condition. The power
measurements indicated that no load power
consumption of the drive varies from 10 to 14%.
The modern Thyristor drives with fine speed
control is popular in Industry and its efficiency is
around 90 to 98%. The no load power
consumption is almost negligible.
 
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Idle Run
In some of the industrial applications, the auxiliary
equipment need to run even main equipment is
switched off. There is a possibility to switch off
whenever possible by incorporating controls like
interlocks and timer based controllers. This will
reduce the idle running time and energy consumption.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
Air Compressors
Compressed air is used in almost all types of
industries and accounts for a major share of
Electricity used in some of the plants.
It is utilized for a variety of end uses such as
pneumatic tools and equipment, instrumentation ,
conveying ,etc and is preferred in industries
because of its convenience and safety.
Compressed air is very energy intensive .Only
5% of electrical energy is converted to  useful
energy. Use of compressed air for cleaning is
rarely justified
 Ensure low temperature of inlet air. Increase in
inlet air temperature by 3˚C increases power
consumption by 1%.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
 
It should be examined whether air at lower pressure
can be used in the process. Reduction in discharge
pressure by 10% saves energy consumption up to 5%.
 A  leakage from a ½” diameter hole from
compressed air line working at  a pressure of 7kg
/cm2 can drain almost Rs. 2500 per day.
 Air output of compressors per unit of electricity
input must be measured at regular intervals.
Efficiency of compressors tends to deteriorate with
time.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
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A  cooling tower is a specialized heat exchange in
which two fluids ( air and water) are brought into
direct contact with each other to effect the transfer
of heat.
In a spray filled towers , this is accomplished by
spraying a flowing mass of water into a rain- like
pattern, through  which an upward moving mass
flow of cool air is induced by the action of a fan.
Replacement of inefficient aluminum or
fabricated steel  fans by moulded FRP fans
with aerofoil designs results in electricity
saving in the range 15-40%.
 Install automatic on-off  switching of cooling
tower fans and save up to 40% on electricity
costs.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
P
u
m
p
s
:
Most of the industrial processes in and out of plants involve
transportation of fluids and the pump is the only mechanical
means available to facilitate this transportation.
The prime movers can either be an electric motor, a diesel
engine, on a steam/ gas turbine. All prime mover consume
energy, either in the form  of electric power or precious
petroleum products like diesel , oil or gas,
to impart working capacity to the pump.
Select a pump of the right capacity in accordance
with the requirement. Improper selection  of pumps
can lead to large wastage of energy. A pump with
85% efficiency at rated flow may have only 65%
efficiency at half the flow
 Matching of motor with appropriate –sized pump.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
 
Use of throttling valves instead of variable speed drives to
change flow  of fluids is a wasteful practice. Throttling can
cause wastage of power to the tune of 50 to 60 %.
 Proper installation of the pump system, including shaft
alignment, coupling of motor and pump is a must. Drive
transmission between pumps and motors is very important.
Loose  belts can cause energy loss up to 15 -20 %
Modern synthetic flats belt in place of conventional V-belts
can save 5% to 10% of energy.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at
low temperature level and rejecting it at a
relatively higher temperature level.
 The items required for the make-up of a
complete refrigeration and air-conditioning
system are refrigerating equipment fans, pumps,
cooling towers, filter, air-handling units, and
ducting. Depending upon the process, all or
some of the items mentioned may be required.
Close doors and windows while running the air
condition. Don’t use a window fan while the air
conditioner is on, but do use a ceiling fan .
Use of double doors, automatic door closers,
air curtains, double glaze windows, polyester
sun films etc. reduces heat ingress and air –
conditioning load of building.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
 
Maintain condensers for proper heat
exchange. A  5c  decrease in evaporator
temperature increases the specific power
consumption by 15%.
 The compressor of the central air
conditioner should be located in cool, shaded
place outside.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
 
Specific power consumption of compressors
should be measured at regular intervals. The most
efficient compressors to be used for continuous
duty and other on standby.
 The duct system should be properly sealed. This
could save 10  percent to 15  percent of the
electricity into air conditioner
 
Energy Conservation in Industries …
 Lighting
Clean the lamps and fixtures regularly .
Illumination levels fall by 20-30% due to
collection of dust.
 Use of 36W tube light instead of 40 W tube
light saves electricity by 8 to 10%
Use of sodium vapour lamps for area lighting in
place of mercury vapour lamps saves electricity
up to 40%.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
Boilers
:
Boiler
Boilers are used in various industrial units to convey
heat for different process application.
Steam is commonly used as the heating medium
mainly due to two reasons :one-it-is generated from
water which is usually available ; and two-it is able to
store a large quantity of heat at a temperature which
can be conveniently used.
Various types of fuels, namely , coal, gas, biomass,
etc. are used for steam generation in boiler
depending on the availability of fuel and cost
economics prevailing in the plant.
The motive of the industry should be to generate
the required  quantity and quality of steam at
minimum possible costs. This can only achieved by
reducing the various avoidable heat losses occurring
within the boiler system, thus improving the
efficiency of the same
Energy Conservation in Industries …
All possible attention –should be paid to
control excess air by monitoring oxygen level
in flue gas and also by inspection of flame
color.
Remove soot deposits when flue gas
temperature rises 40˚C above the normal. A
coating of 3mm thick soot on the heat
transfer surface can cause an increase in fuel
consumption of as much as 2.5%
Energy Conservation in Industries 
Soot blowers can always be maintained in perfect working
condition so that their regular and periodic use does not
suffer.
Recover heat from steam condensate. For every 6˚C rise in
boiler feed water temperature through condensate return,
there is 1% saving in fuel.
Improve boiler efficiency. Boilers should  be monitored for
fuel  gas losses, radiation losses, incomplete combustion ,
blow down losses, excess air etc. Proper control can
decrease the consumption up to 20 %.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
Use only treated water in boilers . A scale
formation of1mm thickness on the water side
increases fuel consumption by 5-8%
Stop steam leakage. Steam leakage from a 3mm-
diameter hole on pipeline carrying steam at
7kg/cm2 would waste 32kl of fuel oil per year
amounting to a loss Rs.3 lakh .
Energy Conservation in
Industries …
Maintain steam pipe insulation. It has been
estimated that a bare steam pipe,150mm in
diameter and 100m in length, carring saturated
steam at 8kg/cm2 would waste 25 kl of furnaces oil
in a year amounting to an annual loss of 2.5 lakh.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
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:
DG sets
Depending on the type of industry and the
magnitude of the connected load, DG sets are
employed in various mode s like:
The standby mode to meet a part or full
requirement of the plant in case of power failures.
 The peak-load mode to meet the requirement
during peak demand, thereby reducing the
maximum demand.
Energy Conservation in Industries …
Maintain Diesel engines regularly.
 A poorly maintained injection pump increases
fuel consumption by 4gm/kWh .
 Blocked filters increases fuel consumption by
2kg/kWh.
Measure fuel consumption per KWH of electricity
generated regularly. Take corrective action in case
this shows a rising trend.
Energy Audit
o
Auditors inspect, analyze and evaluate the energy
consumption. They assess how much energy the
industry uses and pinpoints the opportunities for
energy savings.
o
Accurate measurement of energy consumed is
necessary for energy audit to arrive at energy
conservation measures.
Energy Conservation in Distribution
Reduction of line losses by replacing smaller
number of larger transformers with larger number
of smaller transformers located nearer to loads
and thus reducing the length of LT lines. Such an
arrangement will result in better voltages, less
outages, increased transformer life, easier
replacement of failed transformers and fewer
consumers are affected by transformer failure.
Improvement of power factor to 0.9 through LV
switched capacitor panels on all transformers
supplying to pump-sets.
Energy Conservation in Distribution Transformers
Use of energy-efficient transformers (amorphous-core
transformers) to reduce no-load losses. Typical core-loss
savings are illustrated below:
What we can do
In our everyday lives, we can also work to conserve
energy.
Insulating, turning off lights and only using appliances
like dishwashers when they are full are just some of the
ways people can limit energy use in their homes.
Turn off all electronic devices that are not in use. Not
only turn them off but try to remember to unplug them.
You will be surprised how much you will save with this
simple step
!
Also, car-pooling, bicycling, and taking public
transportation are effective energy-saving ideas.
The energy intensity per unit Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) is much higher in India(3.7 times of
Japan, 1.5 times of USA) than many of the countries
of the world leading to high wastage of energy, power
shortage and uncompetitive product pricing
hindering international trading.
Energy Conservation in India
 
 
 
 
 
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Energy Conservation in India
Achievement in 2015-16
MW saved          : 9355
Energy  saved     : 19190 MU
Money saved      : Rs 191040 million
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide   : 40 million ton
Energy Conservation Act
To tap the huge energy conservation potential Energy
Conservation Act was ….
 
Enacted in October 2001
Enacted in October 2001
 
 Become effective from 1st March 2002
 Become effective from 1st March 2002
 
 Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
 Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
operational zed from 1st March 2002.
operational zed from 1st March 2002.
Evolve minimum energy consumption and performance
Evolve minimum energy consumption and performance
standards for notified equipment & appliances.
standards for notified equipment & appliances.
Prohibit manufacture and sale of equipment & appliances not
Prohibit manufacture and sale of equipment & appliances not
conforming to standards.
conforming to standards.
Introduce mandatory labeling to enable consumers to make
Introduce mandatory labeling to enable consumers to make
informed choice.
informed choice.
STANDARDS
 
Energy efficiency standards are sets of procedures and
regulations that 
prescribe 
the 
energy performance
 of
manufactured products, sometimes prohibiting the sale of
products less energy-efficient than the minimum standard.
LABELS
    
Energy efficiency labels are informative labels affixed to
manufactured products indicating a product’s energy
performance in order to provide 
consumers
 with the data
necessary for making 
informed purchases
.
Important Roles include:
Important Roles include:
 
 
Implementation of provisions of Energy Conservation Act
Implementation of provisions of Energy Conservation Act
 Quick coordination
 Quick coordination
 Policy research
 Policy research
 Promotion of energy efficiency
 Promotion of energy efficiency
 Development of new financial instruments
 Development of new financial instruments
 Awareness creation.
 Awareness creation.
Energy Conservation Day
   India is observing 14
th
December as “Energy
Conservation Day” to create
awareness among people.
 
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Energy conservation is crucial for sustainable living. Learn about different types of energy, the reasons to conserve energy, and practical steps for energy efficiency. Explore the evolution of energy use from traditional sources to modern technologies, and the shift towards renewable energy systems for a greener future.


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  1. Energy Conservation

  2. Agenda What is energy? Types of energy. Why to conserve energy? What can we do? Energy conservation in industries. Energy conservation in India.

  3. What is energy? Energy is defined the ability or capacity to do work. Energy lights our cities, powers our vehicles and runs machinery in factories. It warms and cools our homes, cooks our food, plays our music and gives us pictures on television.

  4. Energy use has changed a great deal since people relied solely on the sun, their own strong bodies or beasts of burden as energy resources.

  5. Long ago, people learned how to use water power to turn paddle wheels and wind power for transportation and irrigation.

  6. People learned to use the chemical energy stored in materials like wood to cook and heat their homes.

  7. But machines and technologies introduced during the Industrial Revolution of the late 18thcentury required the use of other energy resources, especially fossil fuels.

  8. Types of Energy Renewable energy : It is the energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible such as sun and wind. Non-renewable energy: It is the energy that comes from the ground and is not replaced in a relatively short amount of time.

  9. Non-renewable energy examples Thermal power plants using fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum oil or natural gas. Nuclear power plant

  10. Renewable Energy A renewable energy system converts the energy found in sunlight, wind, falling water, sea waves, geo-thermal heat or biomass into a form, we can use such as heat or electricity.

  11. Renewable Energy Examples Solar energy Wind energy Hydro power Biomass Geo-thermal Tidal energy Wave energy Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

  12. Solar Power Solar power is a promising, renewable energy resource than can be turned into electricity, and it is used in many toys and even home heating.

  13. Wind Energy Wind power is increasingly being used as a clean source of renewable energy. Turbines harvest wind on wind farms and generate electricity.

  14. Hydro Power Hydroelectric plants use running water to generate electricity, however they may flood nearby lands and can disrupt the normal flow of water, both of which negatively affect the environment.

  15. Geothermal Power Geothermal power uses the earth s natural heat to generate electricity.

  16. Tidal Power Tidal power is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into electricity.

  17. OTEC In OTEC, we use the temperature difference between the hot surface of the ocean and the cooler, deeper layers beneath to generate electricity.

  18. Energy Conservation Energy conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of energy use for the same quality and quantity of Output. It may be achieved through efficient use, in which case energy use is decreased while achieving a similar outcome. Energy conservation also includes prevention of misuse of energy.

  19. Why to Conserve Energy Our energy demands are continuously increasing (about 14% per year) In 2015-16, India s energy demand was 1114408 MU and availability was 1090851 MU (2.1% shortage). Similarly, peak demand was 153366 MW and availability was 148463 MW (3.2% shortage).

  20. Why to Conserve Energy .. To make up the gap between demand and supply, new power plants have to be installed, which requires capital and time. To meet the growing demand, it has been assessed that additional generating capacity of 1 lakh MW has to be added by 2017 requiring an investment of Rs. 8,00,000 crore approximately. An alternative is Energy Conservation. Energy Conservation measures can reduce power demand and prune building up of additional generating capacity to the extent it can be conserved.

  21. Why to Conserve Energy .. We have limited resources of fossil fuels available on Earth. 60% resources are consumed so far. We need a sustainable growth and save the resources for future generations. Energy conservation is one way to achieve this. Our electricity bill becomes less.

  22. It is not merely a technological issue but it encompasses much broader management issues. economic and The measures is well established as one unit of energy saved at the consumer end avoids nearly 2.5 to 3 times of capacity augmentation due to plant load factor, plant availability, consumption. cost effective of energy conservation auxiliary power

  23. Why to Conserve Energy .. Thermal power shares about 65% of total electricity in India and also in the whole world. Poisonous gases such as CO, NOx, SOXand ash are released to the atmosphere causing environment pollution. CO2 is released, which is the main factor for global warming and climate change.

  24. Sector wise Energy Consumption Type of Consumer Percentage of Consumption 5 Agricultural Industry Transport Residential Others 49 22 10 14 Agricultural Industry Transport Residential Others

  25. Energy Saving Potential Sector Potential(%) Economy as a whole Up to 23 Agricultural Up to 30 Industrial Up to 25 Transport Up to 20 Domestic and Commercial Up to 20

  26. Electricity Used for Lighting Nearly 10% of the electricity is consumed for lighting in the residential & commercial building. This amounts to a connected load of approx. 11,000 MW and annual electricity consumption of 50 billion KWh.

  27. Energy savings in lighting System Make maximum use of natural light (translucent sheets/morewindows and openings) Switch off when not required Modify lighting layout to meet the need Select lightcolors for interiors Provide timerswitches / PV controls / photo sensors Provide lighting Transformer to operate at reduced voltage Install energy efficient lamps, luminaries and controls Clean translucent sheet and luminaries regularly

  28. Comparison Chart LED Light, Incandescent Light & CFL Efficiency & Energy Costs Energy Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Incandescent Light Bulbs Compact Fluorescents (CFLs) Life Span (average) 50,000 hours 1,200 hours 8,000 hours Watts of electricity used 6 - 8 watts 60 watts 13-15 watts Units of Electricity used (30 Incandescent Bulbs per year equivalent) 329 KWh/yr. 3,285 KWh/yr. 767 KWh/yr. Annual Operating Cost (30 Incandescent Bulbs per year equivalent) Rs 1,316/year Rs 13,140/year Rs 3,068/year

  29. Energy Saving in Lighting Separate lighting Transformer To isolate from power feeder Toavoid voltage fluctuation problem Energysaving atoptimum voltage Install Servo stabilizer if separate transformer is not feasible Electronic ballast Energysavings 30 to 35% Less heat load intoA/C room Metal halide in place of Mercuryand SVL lamps CFT in place of incandescent lamps

  30. Energy Saving in Fan Fans are used extensively in summer months. Use of high efficiency fan motor and use of electronic regulator (in place of regulator) can lead to about 20% saving in energy. The fans with aerodynamic impellers consume about 20% less energy but are 30% costlieras compared toconventional fans. conventional resistance designs and improved

  31. Energy Saving in Refrigerator The efficiency of refrigerators in India, is rather poor. A typical 165 consumes about 540 KWH per year. Whereas on the other hand the 200 ltr. Korean model consumes about 240 efficiency refrigerator are not manufactured in India. This refrigerators use a different compressor design which are very sensitive to voltage of electric supply. Unless quality of electric supply is improved this refrigerators can not be improved in India. ltr. Indian refrigerator KWH per year. High

  32. Energy Conservation in Industries Energy saving potential in different industrial equipments: Boiler Compressor Furnace Diesel Generating Set Motor Pump Refrigeration

  33. Energy Saving in Motors The electric Motors form the heart of the industries, out of the total motors in operation 98% Motors. Induction Motors consumes 70% of the total Electrical Energy generated. are Induction Capacity of Motors Torque V2

  34. Energy Saving in Motors Causes for Energy Loss in Induction Motors The Various causes of Energy Loss in Induction Motors are due to the following factors: Oversized Motors Rewound Motors ImproperVoltage Less Efficient Motor Driven Equipment Idle Run

  35. Energy Saving in Motors Oversized Induction Motor Sizing of Motors plays a vital Role in Energy Efficiency. It is very difficult to choose a right size of Motor in a single step application. In any industry while designing the capacity of motor for a particular two/three stages. Over sizing of motor is very common in typical industry application involves

  36. Energy Saving in Motors Oversized Induction Motor (contd.) The major reasons for over sizing of motors may be due to ::: Starting torque requirements Excess cushion & safety factors Adhocdecisions

  37. Energy Saving in Motors Rewound Motors Rewound Induction Motors are common in Indian Industries. Especially, in Textiles, Paper industries and Un-organised sectors such as small Flour mills, Lathe shop and Agricultural farms. Induction Motors are used even after more than fourtimes rewound.

  38. Energy Saving in Motors Rewound Motors (contd.) Reason for loss in efficiency Rewound Motors ::: Eddy Current loss eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the thicknessof the lamination At the time motor coil burning the temperature of the winding rises more than 400oC, this temperature will evaporate the varnish insulation between lamination of both rotorand stator this results in increaseof eddycurrent loss

  39. Energy Saving in Motors Presence of carbon: the stator and rotor core is made up of thin stamping (0.28mm to 0.45mm). The stamping are insulated from each other by varnish insulation coating, which consists of hydrocarbon. Therefore while motor coil burns varnish also burns and evaporates. The resulting deposition of some unburned carbon between the stampings deteriorates the magnetic property and hence the magnetic loss increases.

  40. Energy Saving in Motors ImproperVoltage The performance of any induction motor will be good, when the voltage/frequency ratio should be maintained constant. If a 380 Volt 50 Hz designed induction motor operated with 415V, 50Hz will lead to excess magnetisation loss. This will be the case in many of the imported motors designed for other frequency and voltage than Indian frequency & voltage.

  41. Energy Saving in Motors Less Efficient Motor Driven Equipment Earlier for variable speed, welding application etc., Motor Generator sets are used. This is the Energy Inefficient practice. This offers a good scope to reduce energy consumption by using the latest technology to meet the requirements For example the recent method to get accurate variable speed control can be achieved by using Thyristor drives which is the ideal replacement for Ward Leonard drive. Similarly Motor Generator set is used forwelding application.

  42. Energy Saving in Motors Presently few machines are driven by Ward Leonard drives for better speed control. From Energy Efficiency point of view Ward Leonard drives are inefficient and operating efficiency is only 70 to 80% for full load condition. The power measurements indicated that no load power consumption of the drive varies from 10 to 14%. The modern Thyristor drives with fine speed control is popular in Industry and its efficiency is around 90 to 98%. consumption is almost negligible. The no load power

  43. Energy Saving in Motors Idle Run In some of the industrial applications, the auxiliary equipment need to run even main equipment is switched off. There is a possibility to switch off whenever possible by incorporating controls like interlocks and timer based controllers. This will reduce the idle running timeand energy consumption.

  44. Energy Conservation in Industries Air Compressors Compressed air is used in almost all types of industries and accounts for a major share of Electricity used in some of the plants. It is utilized for a variety of end uses such as pneumatic tools and equipment, instrumentation , conveying ,etc and is preferred in industries because of its convenience and safety.

  45. Compressed air is very energy intensive .Only 5% of electrical energy is converted to useful energy. Use of compressed air for cleaning is rarely justified Ensure low temperature of inlet air. Increase in inlet air temperature by 3 C increases power consumption by 1%.

  46. Energy Conservation in Industries It should be examined whether air at lower pressure can be used in the process. Reduction in discharge pressure by 10% saves energy consumption up to 5%. A leakage from a diameter hole from compressed air line working at a pressure of 7kg /cm2 can drain almost Rs. 2500 per day. Air output of compressors per unit of electricity input must be measured at regular intervals. Efficiency of compressors tends to deteriorate with time.

  47. Energy Conservation in Industries Cooling Towers: A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchange in which two fluids ( air and water) are brought into direct contact with each other to effect the transfer of heat. In a spray filled towers , this is accomplished by spraying a flowing mass of water into a rain- like pattern, through which an upward moving mass flow of cool air is induced by the action of a fan.

  48. Replacement of inefficient aluminum or fabricated steel fans by moulded FRP fans with aerofoil designs results in electricity saving in the range 15-40%. Install automatic on-off switching of cooling tower fans and save up to 40% on electricity costs.

  49. Energy Conservation in Industries Pumps: Most of the industrial processes in and out of plants involve transportation of fluids and the pump is the only mechanical means available to facilitate this transportation. The prime movers can either be an electric motor, a diesel engine, on a steam/ gas turbine. All prime mover consume energy, either in the form of electric power or precious petroleum products like diesel , oil or gas, to impart working capacity to the pump.

  50. Select a pump of the right capacity in accordance with the requirement. Improper selection of pumps can lead to large wastage of energy. A pump with 85% efficiency at rated flow may have only 65% efficiency at half the flow Matching of motor with appropriate sized pump.

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