Understanding Stephanurus Dentatus: Kidney Worm of Pigs
Stephanurus dentatus is a parasitic worm that infects pigs, with an intricate life cycle involving earthworms as transport hosts. Transmission occurs through ingestion of larvae or infected earthworms, leading to various pathological effects, including subcutaneous nodules, cirrhosis, and organ damage. Recognizing the clinical signs is essential for effective management and prevention in pig populations.
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Bihar Animal Sciences University | Stephanurus dentatus Dr. AJIT KUMAR Department of Veterinary Parasitology Bihar Veterinary College Bihar Animal Sciences University Patna-800014 Image source: Google image
Stephanurus dentatus Family : Stephanuridae Common name: Kidney worm of Pig
Stephanurus dentatus General Characters: o Stout worms with mottled appearance. o Male is 20-31mm whereas female is 20-45 mm long. o Buccal capsule is cup cup- -shaped shaped with cusp shaped teeth o Body has transparent cuticle through which the internal organs may be seen. o Both external and internal leaf crowns are present o Ellipsoidal shape thin shelled egg Egg
Stephanurus dentatus Final Hosts : Final Hosts :Pig Pig Location: Location: Perirenal fat, pelvis Perirenal fat, pelvis of kidney and ureter of kidney and ureter
Stephanurus dentatus Life Life- -cycle cycle: : Direct life-cycle Infective stage : 3rd stage larva (L3) Transport host: Earthworm Earthworm
Stephanurus dentatus Transmission Transmission: : Final host (pig) gets the infection - o by ingestion of free L3 with food and water o by the ingestion of infected earthworm (transport host) o Percutaneous ( through skin penetration) o Prenatal mode of infection
Stephanurus dentatus Life Life- -cycle cycle: :
Stephanurus dentatus Pathogenesis: Pathogenesis mainly caused by larval stage Subcutaneous nodules formation Severe cirrhosis S.dentatus in perirenal fat Enlargement of superficial lymph glands Ascitis Lungs, spinal cord, muscles are also affected due to erratic migration of L3 from liver Adult worms form cysts in the perirenal tissues and kidney Ureter may be thickened and occluded S. dentatus caused lesions in liver
Stephanurus dentatus Clinical signs: Stephanurus dentatus infection leads to Emaciated pig o Sever weight loss o Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity ( Ascitis) o Death of infected pig in acute condition Ascitis Ascitis
Stephanurus dentatus Diagnosis: On symptoms. Microscopic examination of urine reveals eggs of worm. o Eggs are ellipsoidal in the basis of EGG shape with thin shelled egg
Stephanurus dentatus Treatment : Ivermectin @ 0.3 mg/kg body weight Levamisole Fenbendazole Thiabendazole
Stephanurus dentatus Control: Deworming of pigs Proper disposal of urine Prevent ingestion of earthworms. Since patency of Stephanurus dentatus does not usually occur until animals are two years old . A policy of gilt giltonly only breeding in which gilts are bred only once and then sold before kidney worms develop to maturity.
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