The Ethics of Design: Aesthetic Movement vs. Capitalism in Industrial Design History
Exploring the Arts & Crafts Movement spearheaded by William Morris, Lewis Foreman Day, and the Aesthetic Movement that emerged as a byproduct. These design reform movements emphasized traditional craftsmanship, economic and social reform, and the pursuit of art for art's sake within the realm of industrial design.
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The Ethics of Design Aesthetic Movement vs. Capitalism History of Industrial design Lecture #5 Fall 2016 | INDS110C Adjunct: Troy Barber tbarber@ccsnh.edu
William Morris (1834-1896) Arts & Crafts Movement Theorist Contributor to the revival of traditional British textile arts and methods of production Close to other Pre-Raphaelite artists Founded Morris & Co. in 1875, whose goal was to produce reasonably priced, well-designed furnishings, wallpapers, and textiles while employing skilled craftsmen at fair wages
Byproduct of Design Reform Movement Espoused traditional craftsmanship using simple forms, and often used medieval, romantic, or folk styles of decoration. Advocated economic and social reform At its root: anti-industrial Arts & Crafts Movement (1880-1910)
Lewis Foreman Day (1845- 1910) Arts & Crafts Movement Theorist Glass painter & designer Influential educator who wrote extensively on design and pattern Started own firm in 1880 and designed textiles, wallpapers, stained glass, embroidery, carpets, tiles, pottery, furniture, silver, jewelry, and book covers
Aesthetic Movement (1870-1900) Byproduct of Design Reform Movement Left preoccupation with paternalistic standards behind Reconsidered sources of inspiration, materials, processes, and subjective meaning Freer and more individual approach to historical styles Greater freedom in use of materials and processes Art for art s sake after utility. Stressed simple forms and uncluttered surfaces, such as inlay, marquetry, cloisonn . Ornament was placed asymmetrically.
Advocated for the Aesthetic Movement Maxim of the Aesthetic Movement: 'Art for Art's Sake Decorative art must first have utility but may also be beautiful. Christopher Dresser (1834- 1904) Botanist, Industrial Designer
Candace Wheeler (1827- 1923) Interior Designer Mother of interior design One of America s first woman interior and textile designers Ambitiously promoted art and design as paying careers for women, rather than hobbies One of the first American women to produce designs for American manufacturers Paved the way for thousands of female designers who followed some of whom she trained in her woman-run firm, Associated Artists.
Henry van de Velde (1863- 1957) Art Nouveau designer & theoretician Belgian painter, architect, and interior designer Spent the most important part of his career in Germany In 1892 he abandoned painting, devoting his time to arts of decoration and interior design
Art Nouveau Movement (1890-1910) Inspired by natural forms, structures, flowers, plants, curvy lines Art Nouveau has a distinctive appearance; an Unlike the artisan- oriented Arts and Crafts Movement, Art Nouveau artists readily used new materials, machined surfaces, and abstraction in the service of pure design.
Coined the term conspicuous consumption, performances of which are performed to demonstrate wealth or mark social status Wrote The Theory of the Leisure Class Leader of the institutional economics movement Institutional economics focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary process and the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour. Thorstein Veblen (1857- 1929) Economist & Social Critic
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