Introduction to NASA Hybrid Rocket Competition

 
 
F
A
M
U
-
F
S
U
 
Ryan Dwyer, Kjell Gordon, Cedryc Midy
 
BOOSTERS
 
 
Introduction
 
Ryan Dwyer
 
Kjell Gordon
 
Chris Bredberg
 
James Beattie
 
Cedryc Midy
 
 
Introduction
 
NASA Hybrid Motor Rocket Competition
Sponsored by the NASA Florida Space Grant
Consortium (FSGC) and the North East Florida
Association of Rocketry (NEFAR)
Develop a hybrid rocket capable of reaching an
altitude of two thousand feet from launch.
Supporting Faculty: Dr. Chiang Shih and Dr.
Kourosh Shoele
 
 
 
Background
 
T
y
p
e
s
 
o
f
 
F
u
e
l
s
A hybrid rocket is one that
provides lift from a motor of
two different types of fuels,
solid and liquid or gaseous
The reaction between the
solid grain fuel and the
liquid oxidizer is what
produces a reaction to
come out of a nozzle to
produce thrust, as seen in
Figure 1.
 
Figure 1- Example of a Hybrid Rocket
Booster
 
 
Background
 
F
u
e
l
 
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
Liquid/gaseous Fuel Types
L
iquid oxygen (LOX), Nitrous Oxide(N2O), Dinitrogen
Tetroxide(N2O4)
Solid Grain Fuel Types
HTPB(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene),
Hydrocarbon composed of Plexiglass and
Magnesium
 
 
Background
 
M
o
t
o
r
R
ocket Motors are designated by class,
determined by the amount of impulse a motor
can deliver
T
he Hybrid Rocket Competition requires a G-
class or lower motor which is equivalent to an
impulse of 0-160 N*
s
A
nything above a G-class motor is no longer
considered a model rocket by the National
Rocket Association, but is known as a high
powered rocket moto
r
 
 
Background
 
M
o
t
o
r
Most motors are designated with a Letter
classification followed by two numbers
(e.g. C5-0)
The letter classification is based on the total
impulse limit
 
 
Background
 
M
o
t
o
r
The first number a classification based on average
thrust
A high number, 10, would be a higher average thrust
over a smaller time whereas a 1 would be the
weakest average thrust over a larger time period
The second classification number, precursed by a
hyphen is related to the time delay from when the
motor burns out and a recovery system is
deployed
The delay time is related to the weight of the rocket
The average time delay can generally range
anywhere from 0-10 seconds depending on the
weight of the rocket
 
 
Background
 
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
Altitude of rocket is
determined with an
altimeter
Altimeter measures
pressure versus
reference pressure
Traditionally, atmospheric
pressure compresses
wafers and is translated to
rotation
 
 
Background
 
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
Electronic altimeter data
will be logged
Electronic altimeter
Board - Arduino,
BeagleBone, Dragonboard
Power source - 9 Volt
 
 
Background
 
R
o
c
k
e
t
 
B
o
d
y
 
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
 
a
n
d
 
U
s
e
s
 
P
r
o
p
u
l
s
i
o
n
 
S
y
s
t
e
m
Propellant storage and
combustion
 
N
o
s
e
 
C
o
n
e
Aerodynamics and
storage
Recovery System
      - Parachute
 
B
o
d
y
Aerodynamics,
storage and structure
Payload
      - Electronics
 
 
F
i
n
s
Stability
 
N
o
z
z
l
e
Provides thrust
Diverging and
converging geometry
 
 
 
Background
 
A
e
r
o
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
 
f
o
r
c
e
s
Weight
Thrust
Drag
Lift
 
Center of Gravity (COG)
 
-Point where forces due to gravity are assumed to
act
 
 
Center of Pressure (COP)
 
- Point where sum of forces due to pressure are
assumed to
 
 
 
Background
 
A
e
r
o
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
 
f
o
r
c
e
s
 
W
e
i
g
h
t
Due to gravitational
acceleration
Acts downward to the
Earth
 
D
r
a
g
Caused by friction
between the rocket’s body
and the surrounding fluid
Acts in the opposite
direction of the motion
 
T
h
r
u
s
t
Provides force to
accelerate and launch
rocket
Opposes weight of the
rocket
 
L
i
f
t
Generated from velocity
difference of the rocket and
the surrounding fluid
Acts perpendicular to the
drag force towards the
vertical axis
 
 
 
Background
 
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
A high
performance
rocket is stable
Yaw and pitch
motions results in
an unstable rocket
due to wind
 
 
Background
 
T
o
 
E
n
s
u
r
e
 
S
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
C
OP located below the
COG for stability
Rocket aligns with the
direction vector drawn from
COP to COG
 
Increase distance from COP to COG
Increasing the number or size of fins
Raise COG toward the nose cone by adding weight to the
top of the rocket
Induce a rolled spin on the rocket
Reduces the effects of wind attempting to create instability
 
 
 
Background
 
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
 
s
y
s
t
e
m
 
&
 
S
a
f
e
t
y
Safety is a top priority
Safety of people
Safety of rocket – reusability
 
Materials:
Lightweight - easy recovery
Temperature resistant - withstands
high temperatures
Strong - Endure aerodynamic forces
during launch, flight and landing
 
 
Background
 
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
 
s
y
s
t
e
m
 
&
 
S
a
f
e
t
y
Material Examples:
Paper
Wood
Plastics
Fiberglass
 
 
Project Scope
 
K
e
y
 
G
o
a
l
s
1.
Build and test a prototype of rocket.
2.
Finalize design for competition.
3.
Achieve altitude of as close to two thousand
feet as possible.
4.
Win the NASA Hybrid Rocket Competition.
5.
Lay the groundwork for future aerospace
competitions for the FAMU-FSU COE.
 
 
Project Scope
 
A
s
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
s
Fuel sources/motor are able to be housed by
FAMU-FSU COE.
FMEA and Hazard Analysis meets FSGC
standards to gain access to competition.
Engineering Notebook for the competition is
accepted to by FSGC to be allowed to compete.
 
 
Project Scope
 
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
 
M
a
r
k
e
t
s
Aerospace Industry Corporations such as NASA,
SpaceX, Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrup
Grumman, etc.
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
 
M
a
r
k
e
t
s
Rocket related educational and hobby groups
such as AIAA, high schools and other
universities participating in rocketry projects.
 
 
 
Project Scope
 
S
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s
 
 
Customer Needs
 
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
 
N
e
e
d
s
   The specifications provided for the hybrid motor
rocket competition are very concise and make
up the following guidelines for this project:
 
Rocket purposed to reach apex of 2,000 feet
Will utilize a hybrid motor rated “G” or from a
lower class
Rocket will be fired from a distance of 300 feet
from launch rails/pad
A recording barometric altimeter will record
altitude data for the competition.
 
 
 
Customer Needs
 
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
 
N
e
e
d
s
While these are not strictly needs pertaining to
the functionality of the product, they are still
required by the sponsor.
 
A Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA)
report will be submitted by November 17, 2017
 
 
Customer Needs
 
D
e
l
i
v
e
r
a
b
l
e
 
N
e
e
d
s
Three to four page report will be submitted every
two weeks detailing the progress of the team
detailing the progress and achievements of the
team
Engineering analysis book to be submitted two
weeks prior to competition
Includes engineering data, calculations, drawings and
sketches, test results, notes, ideas, meeting notes,
etc
 
 
Functional Decomposition
 
B
o
d
y
Protect other Subsystems from harm
Store other Subsystems
Ensure stability during flight
 
M
o
t
o
r
Provide thrust to allow rocket to gain altitude
Use solid fuel grain with liquid or gas oxidizer as
fuel sources (Hybrid motor)
 
 
 
 
Functional Decomposition
 
L
a
u
n
c
h
 
S
y
s
t
e
m
Rail system to point the rocket within 30
degrees of straight up
Have a backup safety switch to prevent
accidental ignition
Capable of being launched from 300 ft away
 
 
Functional Decomposition
 
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
Read from Altimeter
Store Data
Activate Recovery System
 
R
e
c
o
v
e
r
y
 
S
y
s
t
e
m
Decelerate the body/motor to a safe speed
before landing
 
 
 
Conclusion – Up Next…
 
Targets
Concept Generation
Design
Budget
 
 
References
 
http://www.kr4.us/MPL3115A2-Altitude-Pressure-Sensor-
Breakout.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwjozPBRAqEiwA6xTOYKScBHpKJ5QYVaHAxWu
d2lBCFVYp_IELqOV3GwwB1-r0n9QZra2-rBoC8DUQAvD_BwE
http://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-altimeters-work.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftyAAH35tzQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiVCX04YJMY
http://www.rocketryforum.com/link.php?u=http://www.teachengineering.org/view
_lesson.php?url=collection/cub_/lessons/cub_rockets/cub_rockets_lesson03.xm
l&thread=64407&postid=691700
https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2333.html
http://modelrocketbuilding.blogspot.com/2010/11/parachute-attachment-
tip_28.html
http://www.asp-rocketry.com/ecommerce/Model-Rocket-Parts-Building-
Materials.cfm?cat_id=7
http://www.ewp.rpi.edu/hartford/~ernesto/S2013/EP/MaterialsforStudents/Lee/S
utton-Biblarz-Rocket_Propulsion_Elements.pdf
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The NASA Hybrid Rocket Competition is sponsored by the NASA Florida Space Grant Consortium and NEFAR. Participants develop a hybrid rocket capable of reaching an altitude of two thousand feet. The rocket utilizes a combination of solid and liquid/gaseous fuels to generate thrust. Motor classifications and fuel examples are discussed as critical components in the competition.


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  1. FAMU-FSU BOOSTERS Ryan Dwyer, Kjell Gordon, Cedryc Midy 1

  2. Introduction Ryan Dwyer Kjell Gordon Chris Bredberg Cedryc Midy James Beattie 2

  3. Introduction NASA Hybrid Motor Rocket Competition Sponsored by the NASA Florida Space Grant Consortium (FSGC) and the North East Florida Association of Rocketry (NEFAR) Develop a hybrid rocket capable of reaching an altitude of two thousand feet from launch. Supporting Faculty: Dr. Chiang Shih and Dr. Kourosh Shoele 3

  4. Background Types of Fuels A hybrid rocket is one that provides lift from a motor of two different types of fuels, solid and liquid or gaseous The reaction between the solid grain fuel and the liquid oxidizer is what produces a reaction to come out of a nozzle to produce thrust, as seen in Figure 1. Figure 1- Example of a Hybrid Rocket Booster 4

  5. Background Fuel Examples Liquid/gaseous Fuel Types Liquid oxygen (LOX), Nitrous Oxide(N2O), Dinitrogen Tetroxide(N2O4) Solid Grain Fuel Types HTPB(hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene), Hydrocarbon composed of Plexiglass and Magnesium 5

  6. Background Motor Rocket Motors are designated by class, determined by the amount of impulse a motor can deliver The Hybrid Rocket Competition requires a G- class or lower motor which is equivalent to an impulse of 0-160 N*s Anything above a G-class motor is no longer considered a model rocket by the National Rocket Association, but is known as a high powered rocket motor 6

  7. Background Motor Most motors are designated with a Letter classification followed by two numbers (e.g. C5-0) The letter classification is based on the total impulse limit 7

  8. Background Motor The first number a classification based on average thrust A high number, 10, would be a higher average thrust over a smaller time whereas a 1 would be the weakest average thrust over a larger time period The second classification number, precursed by a hyphen is related to the time delay from when the motor burns out and a recovery system is deployed The delay time is related to the weight of the rocket The average time delay can generally range anywhere from 0-10 seconds depending on the weight of the rocket 8

  9. Background Sensors Altitude of rocket is determined with an altimeter Altimeter measures pressure versus reference pressure Traditionally, atmospheric pressure compresses wafers and is translated to rotation 9

  10. Background Sensors Electronic altimeter data will be logged Electronic altimeter Board - Arduino, BeagleBone, Dragonboard Power source - 9 Volt 10

  11. Background Rocket Body Components and Uses Nose Cone Aerodynamics and storage Recovery System - Parachute Fins Stability Body Aerodynamics, storage and structure Payload - Electronics Propulsion System Propellant storage and combustion Nozzle Provides thrust Diverging and converging geometry 11

  12. Background Aerodynamic forces Weight Thrust Drag Lift Center of Gravity (COG) -Point where forces due to gravity are assumed to act Center of Pressure (COP) - Point where sum of forces due to pressure are assumed to 12

  13. Background Aerodynamic forces Lift Generated from velocity difference of the rocket and the surrounding fluid Acts perpendicular to the drag force towards the vertical axis Weight Due to gravitational acceleration Acts downward to the Earth Drag Caused by friction between the rocket s body and the surrounding fluid Acts in the opposite direction of the motion Thrust Provides force to accelerate and launch rocket Opposes weight of the rocket 13

  14. Background Performance A high performance rocket is stable Yaw and pitch motions results in an unstable rocket due to wind 14

  15. Background To Ensure Stability COP located below the COG for stability Rocket aligns with the direction vector drawn from COP to COG Increase distance from COP to COG Increasing the number or size of fins Raise COG toward the nose cone by adding weight to the top of the rocket Induce a rolled spin on the rocket Reduces the effects of wind attempting to create instability 15

  16. Background Recovery system & Safety Safety is a top priority Safety of people Safety of rocket reusability Materials: Lightweight - easy recovery Temperature resistant - withstands high temperatures Strong - Endure aerodynamic forces during launch, flight and landing 16

  17. Background Recovery system & Safety Material Examples: Paper Wood Plastics Fiberglass 17

  18. Project Scope Key Goals 1. Build and test a prototype of rocket. 2. Finalize design for competition. 3. Achieve altitude of as close to two thousand feet as possible. 4. Win the NASA Hybrid Rocket Competition. 5. Lay the groundwork for future aerospace competitions for the FAMU-FSU COE. 18

  19. Project Scope Assumptions Fuel sources/motor are able to be housed by FAMU-FSU COE. FMEA and Hazard Analysis meets FSGC standards to gain access to competition. Engineering Notebook for the competition is accepted to by FSGC to be allowed to compete. 19

  20. Project Scope Primary Markets Aerospace Industry Corporations such as NASA, SpaceX, Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrup Grumman, etc. Secondary Markets Rocket related educational and hobby groups such as AIAA, high schools and other universities participating in rocketry projects. 20

  21. Project Scope Stakeholders Investors Decision Makers AdvisersReceivers NASA Yes Yes No Yes Florida Space Grant Consortium (FSGC) Yes Yes No Yes North East Florida Association of Rocketry (NEFAR) No No No Yes Dr. Chiang Shih No Yes Yes Yes Dr. Kourosh Shoele No Yes Yes Yes Dr. Shayne McConomy No Yes Yes Yes FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Yes Yes Yes Yes FAMU-FSU AIAA. No No No Yes 21

  22. Customer Needs Project Needs The specifications provided for the hybrid motor rocket competition are very concise and make up the following guidelines for this project: Rocket purposed to reach apex of 2,000 feet Will utilize a hybrid motor rated G or from a lower class Rocket will be fired from a distance of 300 feet from launch rails/pad A recording barometric altimeter will record altitude data for the competition. 22

  23. Customer Needs Deliverable Needs While these are not strictly needs pertaining to the functionality of the product, they are still required by the sponsor. A Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA) report will be submitted by November 17, 2017 23

  24. Customer Needs Deliverable Needs Three to four page report will be submitted every two weeks detailing the progress of the team detailing the progress and achievements of the team Engineering analysis book to be submitted two weeks prior to competition Includes engineering data, calculations, drawings and sketches, test results, notes, ideas, meeting notes, etc 24

  25. Functional Decomposition Body Protect other Subsystems from harm Store other Subsystems Ensure stability during flight Motor Provide thrust to allow rocket to gain altitude Use solid fuel grain with liquid or gas oxidizer as fuel sources (Hybrid motor) 25

  26. Functional Decomposition Launch System Rail system to point the rocket within 30 degrees of straight up Have a backup safety switch to prevent accidental ignition Capable of being launched from 300 ft away 26

  27. Functional Decomposition Electronics Read from Altimeter Store Data Activate Recovery System Recovery System Decelerate the body/motor to a safe speed before landing 27

  28. Conclusion Up Next Targets Concept Generation Design Budget 28

  29. References http://www.kr4.us/MPL3115A2-Altitude-Pressure-Sensor- Breakout.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwjozPBRAqEiwA6xTOYKScBHpKJ5QYVaHAxWu d2lBCFVYp_IELqOV3GwwB1-r0n9QZra2-rBoC8DUQAvD_BwE http://www.explainthatstuff.com/how-altimeters-work.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ftyAAH35tzQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiVCX04YJMY http://www.rocketryforum.com/link.php?u=http://www.teachengineering.org/view _lesson.php?url=collection/cub_/lessons/cub_rockets/cub_rockets_lesson03.xm l&thread=64407&postid=691700 https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2333.html http://modelrocketbuilding.blogspot.com/2010/11/parachute-attachment- tip_28.html http://www.asp-rocketry.com/ecommerce/Model-Rocket-Parts-Building- Materials.cfm?cat_id=7 http://www.ewp.rpi.edu/hartford/~ernesto/S2013/EP/MaterialsforStudents/Lee/S utton-Biblarz-Rocket_Propulsion_Elements.pdf 29

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