Understanding Metallic Poisoning in Animals: Lead and Mercury
Metallic poisoning, specifically lead and mercury poisoning in animals, can result from ingestion of lead salts or mercury compounds. Symptoms, effects on the body, absorption, excretion, and treatment methods for these toxicities are discussed in detail to enhance awareness and understanding of these critical issues in animal health.
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Metallic Poisoning Lead poisoning This poisoning occurs in cows and dogs due to ingestion of lead salts E.g 1.Lead sulphate or acetate or other salts
Absorption and excretion These salts reach the animals body through .A .Ingestion B. distributes through the body after its Absorption The poison concentrated in 1.Kidney 2.Muscles and bones .B
Absorption and excretion Slowley excreted with A.Urine B.Milk C. and some precipitate in the bones
Symptomes The symptomes appear after two days of ingestion include A.Pain B. Twitches C.Increase Salivation D.Excitation and Twitches of the muscles E. Death occuurs with in time of symptoms
Symptomes In chronic toxicity ( rarely in ruminants) due to less absorption from GIT In Horese causes A.depilation of animals B.Swelling of the joints C.Paralysis of the hind limbs D.Blue-Black line occur on the gum due to precipitation of lead particles E.Anemia due to hemolytic of red blood cell.
Treatment 1.Gastric lavage 2.Give salty purgative and emetic 3.Give Na sulphate to make the lead insoluble Or give egg albumin to precipitate the lead 4.Give tannic acid to precipitate the lead as lead insoluble tannic in order to stop the absorbtion from GIT
Treatment 5. In acute or chronic poisoning can give calcium editate to elaborate the poison from tissue 6.Give Sedative (Acepromazine) and diuretic extract the poison quickly from the body
Mercury Poisoning Mercury poisoning in animals accur when using salts of mercury in in treatment such as 1. Mercury chlorides or cyanide or iodide 2.Some time toxicity occur when using diet was preservative against fungus by adding organic mercury compounds
Absorption and Excretion All soluble mercury salts absorbed from GIT and distributed through the body. Absorption occur even from the skin when used as wound wash The mercury excreted with (urine.face.milk and some of deposited in the kidney , liver and others tissue.
Symptomes 1.Stomach and abdominal pain 2.Diarrhea and more salivation 3.Difficulty in swelling because of inflammation of the gum and mouth 4.Albumin urea , Blood urea due to destruction of the kidney
Symptomes In cattle 1.Colic 2.Paralysis of the legs and reduction in body temperature
Treatment 1.Evacuate the stomach from its content immediately before any absorption occurs. 2.Gastric lavage with warm water or milk ,or give egg albumin in order to precipitate the mercury as mercury albomin
Treatment 3.Give diuretic alkaline as sod.Nitrate or gluoconate by injection I/V 4. Give BAL (British anti-Lewisite) Dimercaprol for help to get red mercuty from tissues and prevent its effect in body
Selenium poisoning Selenium poisoning Selenium found in earth and absorbed by the plants and may be causes poisoning to the animals which grassing in the area.
Absorption and excretion Selenium absorbed immediately from the G.I.T and distributed over all the body.Some of it store in the liver and spleen and kidney and may be reaching the embryo uterus, it secreted with urine.
Symptoms Symptoms In acute toxicity causes tachycardia and difficulty in breathing, 2.stomch pain and colic. 3.the death occur in few hours. because respiration enzymes failure .1
Symptoms acute poisoning with selenium,there is emaciation.The animal can not see or and walk turn over itself and then paralysis then coma and death occur. In chronic poisoning the symptoms are alopecia, especially in the tail and dryness of the skin and loss of appetite and show lamenes
Treatment Treatment Give the animals Para bromo benzene in order to secret the selenium with urine.
Molybdenum poisoning Since this substance found in the earth, so it can absorbed by the plants and the animals should be poisoning because it grassing these plants.
Absorption and excretion It absorbed quickly and then store for short time in kidney. Diet or food free from sulfate may causes retention of the metal in the body ,more over found that the metal prevent the storge of the cupper in the liver of the ruminants.
Symptomes Symptomes Diarrhea, emaciation dryness of the skin and the animal cannot move Treatment Give copper sulfate daily,since it helps in secretion of the metal
Nitrate salts poisoning The poisoning with nitrate salts occur after eating the plants which contain on large quantity of nitrate absorbed from the soil and then change in the gastro intestine to nitrite and then to ammonia which causes poisoning
Symptomes Colic pain and diarrhea, tachycardia and diffculit of breathing and asphyxia,Muscle twitches and then coma and death.
Treatment 1.Wash the stomach. 2. Inject methyl blue I.V or ascorbic acid to change the met hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin in blood.
Arsenic poisoning This poisoning with this substance occurs throughout plants (or fruits,trees) or as dipping for the sheep. Contamination with insecticide or when using this substance against fly as in Vet.Med
Absorption and excretion Inorganic arsenic salts absorbed from GIT easily,also can be absorb from wounds and sites of injection. A part off the arsenic is store in the liver and for long time in bones and other tissues as in hoof. It is excreted with urine ,sweat and milk after few hours from its administration and the continues for two months.
Symptoms In acute poisonig, the symptoms appears after 3 hours according to stomach state and may be after 10 hours if there is oil in stomach , which causes delay arsenic absorption. The symptoms may be as abdominal pain,salivation ,emsis.diarrhea and arrhythmia and unurea,and difficulty of movement the coma and death.
Symptoms In chronic poisoning , as repeated small doses,the symptoms are emaciation and jaundice,dryness of skin,and hyperemia of the mucus membrane and arrhythmia
Treatment 1.In acute poisoning of arsenic 1.Gastric lavag with warm water , and give purgative to remove the poison from the GIT 2.Give ferric oxide which prepared recently which can combine with arsenic and change it to insoluble substance 3.Give dimercaprol to combine with arsenic in tissues
3.Give dimercaprol to combine with arsenic in 4.Also give diuretic and thiosulphate sod.As I.V injection
Copper poisoning Copper salts used mostly in agriculture as insecticide against plants fungus. The poisoning with copper salts occur in animal due to contamination of the grass,and some cupper salts used for killing tha snail in the river and against the worms. The toxicity with copper is rare in sheep and other animals
Symptoms In acute toxicity, there are salivation .colic pain ,diarrhea and emitted material with blue color.Twitches of the muscle then coma and death. In chronic toxicity ,the liver full with the poison,then distributed into the blood which causes hemolytic of red blood cells and emaciation and anemia and jaundice.
Symptoms In acute toxicity the symptoms appears after two months and causes death with in days. Treatment Acute toxicity 1.Gastric lavsg 2.Give BAL to react with the cupper to change it to un toxic substance
3.Give molybdenum 4.Give molybdenum in the diet to prevent precipitation of the cupper in the liver
Cyanide salts poisoning The cyanide salts toxicity occurs in the animals due to using its salts in killing plants parasite ( sodium, potassium cyanide salts)Or as fertilizer( such calcium cyanide) in addition some plants contain itself on cyanide ( owija corn,Sudanese hashish)Ruminants is commonly poisoning with the cyanide more than horses.
Symptoms The symptoms appear quickly and are the following : excessive salivation,the animal become irritant and contraction of the muscles and more foaming from the mouth due to aspiration. Then stopping the respiration,then death occur due to the direct effect of cyanide on respiratory system and heart and central nervous system
Treatment Using sodium nitrate as I.V injection to change hemoglobin to methaemoglobin immediately forming(cyanmethaemoglobin) Then give the animal sodium thio sulphate to change this compound to thiocyanide which is not toxic and easily excreted
Sodium chloride Common salts is an essential and added to feed of animals but it is the quantity consumed which makes it toxic. Sources Feeds contaning high quantities of common salt, accidental over ingestion of common salt or excessive licking of salt.
Symptoms Anorexia,excessive thirst,salivation,initially diarrhea foollowed by constipation ,polyurea then anuris.nasal discharge and weak pulse.blindness, stumbling,walking backwards or in circle,recumbency,coma and death in a few hours
Treatment No specific antidote is available 1.Remove the toxic feed or water 2.Isotonic salt solution I/P daily for 2-3 day 3.Gastrointestinal tract sedatives.
