Common Offences Against Animals in India: Understanding Mischief, Cruelty, and Bestiality

 
Common Offences Against Animals in India
 
Dr. Vivek Kr. Singh & Dr. Pallav
Shekhar
Assistant Professor
Bihar Veterinary College
 
Unit-7
 
There are three common offences against
animals in India
 
Mischief
 
Cruelty against animals
 
Bestiality
 
Mischief
 
This includes 
killing, poisoning and maiming 
an
animal.
 
Poisoning is the commonest method of
mischievous killing.
Abrus precatorius seed,
Arsenic,
 Aconite root
Datura leaves and seed of yellow oleander are
common poisons used in the mischievous killing of
the animals.
 
Mischief is punishable under Section 428 and
Section 429 I.P.C
.
 
Maiming
 
Maiming means making an animal permanently
useless by the use of violence
 
 
This type of offence is also common and its aim
is to harm the owner when his animal damages
the crop or other property
 
 
The common forms of hurting animals and
rendering them useless are
Fracture of bone
cutting tendons of legs and neck
injury to udder in milch animals
Tearing of the vagina or rectum by introducing
sharp or blunt object
Punctured wounds etc
 
 
Cruelty against animals
 
It includes 
beating, overloading, using a
diseased animal for work, starvation, Phuka
etc.
PHUKA :- or “doom dev” 
includes the process
of introducing air or any substance into the
female organ of a milch animal with the object
of drawing off from the animal any secretion of
milk.
These acts are punishable under the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act., 1960
 
 
Bestiality
 
BESTIALITY :- Means carnal intercourse
with man, woman or animal against the order
of nature
This type of crime is more frequent in India
due to
The common belief among illiterate people is that
intercourse with a she donkey is a remedy for
gonorrhoea
Excessive sexual desire with less opportunity for
natural intercourse
 
 
Young villagers who go out to graze cattle in
fields far away from human eye, are incited,
owing to loneliness and the proximity of the
animals to commit this crime
 
 
People having some mental abnormalities
 
Examination of  Bestiality Cases
 
 
 
Examination of the accused
 
Examination of the animal
 
 
Examination of the accused
 
The examination of the accused in a sexual offence
be performed as soon after the alleged incident
Name of accused, his father’s/ guardian’s name,
address, age are to be noted
Number and date of requisition
The place, date and time of commencement of
examination are also to be noted
The clothes of the suspect will smell of urine or
faeces of the animal as after a sexual act animals
have a habit of urinating
 
Examination of Animal for
bestiality
 
The vagina of the animal should be examined for
evidence of injury
The surrounding hair of the animal should be
examined for the presence of human spermatozoa 
(it
is important to note whether the spermatozoa found
are of the same animal or not and for this purpose
the presence or absence of heat in the female animal
is also a guide)
The presence of organisms of gonorrhoea (bean-
shaped, gram negative diplococci) in the vagina of
the animal is a definite sign of bestiality
 
EXAMINATION OF SEMINAL
STAINS
 
In the case of bestiality, presence of human seminal
fluid in or around the parts of the animal is
essential.
Detection of human spermatozoa in a smear from
the vagina of the animal and that from the
discharges adhering to the surrounding hair is a
positive proof
 
 
Examination of seminal stains may be carried
out by the following method
Physical Examination :-
 Average volume of
ejaculate, average concentration (million per ml),
pH, colour, consistency.
Chemical Examination :-
 (1) 
Florence’s Test
and (2
) Barberio’s Test
Microscopic Examination :-
Serological Examination
:-  (precipitation test)
 
CHEMICAL EXAMINATION
 
FLORENCE’S TEST :-
Potassium iodide 
 
1.65 g
Iodine
  
2.54 g
Distilled water              30 ml
 
PROCEDURE :-
Prepare thick smear of seminal fluid and place over slip.
 
One or two drops of Florence’s solution allowed to run in-under the cover
slip
 
Large brown haemin 
like 
needle shaped crystals 
of choline per-iodide will
shortly be formed in the presence of semen
 
BARBERIO’S TEST :-
PROCEDURE :-
Prepare a thick smear of seminal fluid and place a
cover slip.
One or two drops of 
concentrated picric acid
solution 
is allowed to run in-under the cover slip
 
Yellowish needle shaped crystals 
of 
spermin picrate
will be formed in the presence of semen
 
 
Bestiality is punishable under Section 377
I.P.C.
 
 
The offenders are usually caught red-handed
 
 
 
Thanks
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Offences against animals in India encompass mischief, cruelty, and bestiality. Mischief involves killing, poisoning, and maiming animals, punishable under the IPC. Maiming makes animals permanently useless, often to harm owners. Cruelty includes beating, overloading, starvation, and other forms of abuse. Bestiality, carnal intercourse against nature, is unfortunately prevalent in India. Understanding these offences is crucial for animal welfare and legal justice.


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  1. Common Offences Against Animals in India Unit-7 Dr. Vivek Kr. Singh & Dr. Pallav Shekhar Assistant Professor Bihar Veterinary College

  2. There are three common offences against animals in India Mischief Cruelty against animals Bestiality

  3. Mischief This includes killing, poisoning and maiming an animal. Poisoning is the commonest method of mischievous killing. Abrus precatorius seed, Arsenic, Aconite root Datura leaves and seed of yellow oleander are common poisons used in the mischievous killing of the animals. Mischief is punishable under Section 428 and Section 429 I.P.C.

  4. Maiming Maiming means making an animal permanently useless by the use of violence This type of offence is also common and its aim is to harm the owner when his animal damages the crop or other property

  5. The common forms of hurting animals and rendering them useless are Fracture of bone cutting tendons of legs and neck injury to udder in milch animals Tearing of the vagina or rectum by introducing sharp or blunt object Punctured wounds etc

  6. Cruelty against animals It includes beating, overloading, using a diseased animal for work, starvation, Phuka etc. PHUKA :- or doomdev includes the process of introducing air or any substance into the female organ of a milch animal with the object of drawing off from the animal any secretion of milk. These acts are punishable under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act., 1960

  7. Bestiality BESTIALITY :- Means carnal intercourse with man, woman or animal against the order of nature This type of crime is more frequent in India due to The common belief among illiterate people is that intercourse with a she donkey is a remedy for gonorrhoea Excessive sexual desire with less opportunity for natural intercourse

  8. Young villagers who go out to graze cattle in fields far away from human eye, are incited, owing to loneliness and the proximity of the animals to commit this crime People having some mental abnormalities

  9. Examination of Bestiality Cases Examination of the accused Examination of the animal

  10. Examination of the accused The examination of the accused in a sexual offence be performed as soon after the alleged incident Name of accused, his father s/guardian s name, address, age are to be noted Number and date of requisition The place, date and time of commencement of examination are also to be noted The clothes of the suspect will smell of urine or faeces of the animal as after a sexual act animals have a habit of urinating

  11. Examination of Animal for bestiality The vagina of the animal should be examined for evidence of injury The surrounding hair of the animal should be examined for the presence of human spermatozoa (it is important to note whether the spermatozoa found are of the same animal or not and for this purpose the presence or absence of heat in the female animal is also a guide) The presence of organisms of gonorrhoea (bean- shaped, gram negative diplococci) in the vagina of the animal is a definite sign of bestiality

  12. EXAMINATION OF SEMINAL STAINS In the case of bestiality, presence of human seminal fluid in or around the parts of the animal is essential. Detection of human spermatozoa in a smear from the vagina of the animal and that from the discharges adhering to the surrounding hair is a positive proof

  13. Examination of seminal stains may be carried out by the following method Physical Examination :- Average volume of ejaculate, average concentration (million per ml), pH, colour, consistency. Chemical Examination :- (1) Florence s Test and (2) Barberio s Test Microscopic Examination :- Serological Examination:- (precipitation test)

  14. CHEMICAL EXAMINATION FLORENCE S TEST :- Potassium iodide Iodine Distilled water 30 ml 1.65 g 2.54 g PROCEDURE :- Prepare thick smear of seminal fluid and place over slip. One or two drops of Florence s solution allowed to run in-under the cover slip Large brown haemin like needle shaped crystals of choline per-iodide will shortly be formed in the presence of semen

  15. BARBERIOS TEST :- PROCEDURE :- Prepare a thick smear of seminal fluid and place a cover slip. One or two drops of concentrated picric acid solution is allowed to run in-under the cover slip Yellowish needle shaped crystals of spermin picrate will be formed in the presence of semen

  16. Bestiality is punishable under Section 377 I.P.C. The offenders are usually caught red-handed

  17. Thanks

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