Understanding Colloids and Their Importance in Pharmaceuticals

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Colloids play a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry as heterogeneous biphasic systems with particle sizes ranging from 1nm to 100nm. They are classified based on aggregation and interaction of phases, with examples like aerosols, foams, emulsions, and more. Colloids can be prepared by condensation or dispersion methods and exhibit unique properties such as slow diffusion, colored appearance, and settling upon centrifugation. Brownian motion describes the rapid, random movement of colloidal particles in a dispersion medium.

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Colloids and their role in Pharmaceutical Industry

Colloids A mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance.

History This term was first used in 1862 to distinguish colloids from crystalloids. Colloids have been studied by scientists since the early 1800 s. to

Introduction The word colloid was derived from the Greek, kolla for glue. Colloid is short synonym for colloidal system. The heterogeneous biphasic system. Size of colloidal particle ranges from 1nm to100nm.

Classification There are two criteria's for classification of colloids. 1. Based on the state of Aggregation ofphase 2. Based on the interaction of phase

Aggregation of phase Based on the state of aggregation of dispersed phase and dispersion medium, colloidal solutions are classified into 1.Aerosol (liquid or solid in gas) 2. Foam (gas in liquid) 3. Emulsion (liquid in liquid) 4. Sol (solid in liquid) 5. Gel (liquid in solid)

Interaction of phase On the basis of affinity between two phases, colloidal solutions are classified into Lyophobicsols 1. Examples sols of Metals, sulphur 2. Lyophilic sols Examples gums, starch

Preparation Two preparation of colloidal solutions. 1. By Condensation 2. By Dispersion methods are generally used for the

GeneralProperties 1. Phase Heterogeneous 2. Particle size 1nm to 100nm 3. Separation Ultrafiltration 4. Setting Settles on centrifugation 5. Appearance Generally clear 6. Diffusion Diffuse slowly 7. Color Invariably colored Examples Milk, Blood, fog

Kineticproperties Brownian motion Rapid, random, zigzag movement of colloidal particles through dispersion medium. This movement is due to bombardment of colloidal particles by the molecules of dispersion medium.

Opticalproperties Tyndall Effect Light scattering by colloidal particles. Bright cone of scattered light is called Tyndall cone.

Electricalproperties Charges on colloidal particles: Colloidal particles always carry some charge otherwise the colloidal solution would be unstable. It may be positively or negatively charged. Due to acidic and basic groups

Purification The colloidal solutions prepared by any method contain different impurities. They can be separated by 1. Dialysis 2. Ultrafiltration

Role in pharmaceutics Therapy Colloidal system are used as therapeutic agents in different areas. Colloidal medicines are more effective and are easily absorbed in our system. Example ,penicillin and streptomycin.