Guidelines for Maintaining Hygiene in Manufacturing Environments
The article highlights the importance of hygiene in both manufacturing industries and hospitals, covering key aspects such as manufacturing processes, quality assurance, good manufacturing practices, quality control, and microbial contamination control. Environmental cleanliness and hygiene play a crucial role in minimizing contamination risks, emphasizing the need for proper control measures at various stages of production.
- Manufacturing Hygiene
- Quality Assurance
- Good Manufacturing Practices
- Contamination Control
- Environmental Cleanliness
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Presentation Transcript
FACTORY AND HOSPITAL HYGIENE Prof. Dr. Shumaila Bashir
INTRODUCTION Manufacturing is carried out in both industuires and hospitals In the latter, batches tend to be much smaller sometimes only one item and the products are stored for much less time usually less than 24 hours
MANUFACTURE Manufacture is the complete cycle of production of a medical product
QUALITY ASSUARANCE (QA) Sum total of the arrangements made to ensure that the final product is of a quality required for its intended purpose
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES Part of the quality assuarance that is aimed at ensuring that the product is consistently manufactured to a quality appropriate for its intended use
QUALITY CONTROL(QC) Part of GMP that ensures that necessary test are conducted and product is not released until it has passed these tests
IN-PROCESS CONTROL Any test on a product , the environment or the equipment that Is made during the manufacturing process
CONTROL OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION DURING MANUFACTURE
GENERAL ASPECTS A pharmaceutical product may become contaminated by a number of means and at several points during manufacture There are sebveral ways in which this risk can be minimized
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANLINESS AND HYGIENE Transfer of microbes to a product from working surfaces,fixtures, equipment and pooled stagnant water fall out of dust , droplet borne microbes from atmosphere Personel who are are working in the area
QUALITY OF STARTING MATERIALS Raw materials including water supplies Storage conditions must be appropriate Treated water must be used
PROCESS DESIGN The manufacturing process must be Fully defined Facilities available Product microbiologically acceptable According to specifications
QUALITY CONTROL AND DOCUMENTATION Quality control tests must be performed Documentation include: 1. Details of starting materials 2. Packaging material 3. Distribution record
PACKAGING,STORAGE AND TRANSPORT PRIMARY PACKAGING: it keeps the contents in SECONDARY PACKAGING: for storage and transport
MANUFACTURE OF STERILE PRODUCTS
REQUIREMENT Strict aseptic techniques are required for the manufacturing of sterile products
CLEAN AND ASEPTIC AREAS DESIGN OF PREMISES: sterile production should be carried out in a separate manufacturing area INTERNAL SURFACES,FITTINGS AND FLOORS: 1. avoid microbial contamination from all working surfaces 2. Internal fittings such as cupboards drawers and shelves should be kept to a minimum
SERVICES: lightening services Electrical Switches Sinks and drains AIR SUPPLY: Filtered Air is used to achieve the necessary standards CLOTHING: Must be of non shedding fibre CHANGING FACILTIES: Entry to an aseptic area should be through a changing room fitted with interlocking room
CLEANING AND DISINFECTION: A strict disinfection policy is necessary by using cleaning agents including: 1. Alkaline detergents 2. Non ionic surfactants 3. Clear soluble phenolics
