The Evolution and Significance of Gymnastics Throughout History
Gymnastics, derived from the Greek word "gymnos," meaning to exercise naked, has a rich history dating back to ancient Greece. It was highly valued for physical fitness and mental development, evolving over centuries to encompass various forms such as natural and artificial gymnastics. The modern Olympic Games played a pivotal role in standardizing gymnastic events for both men and women. This article explores the origins, developments, and divisions within gymnastics, highlighting its cultural importance and contribution to physical education.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
GYMNASTIC UNIT 1
HISTORY THE TERM GYMNASTICS, DERIVED FROM A GREEK WORD GYMNOS MEANING TO EXERCISE NAKED, APPLIED IN ANCIENT GREECE TO ALL EXERCISES PRACTICED IN THE GYMNASIUM, THE PLACE WHERE MALE ATHLETES DID INDEED EXERCISE UNCLOTHED. MOTHER OF SPORTS QUEEN OF SPORTS - ATHLETICS Exercise in the gymnasium in later periods prepared men for war. In ancient Greece, physical fitness was a highly valued attribute in both men and women. Athens combined this more physical training with the education of the mind. At the Palestra, a physical education training center, the discipline of educating the body and educating the mind were combined allowing for a form of gymnastics that was more aesthetic and individual and which left behind the form that focused on strictness, discipline, the emphasis on defeating records, and focus on strength. THE GRANDFATHER OF MODERN GYMNASTICS, JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH GUTS MUTHS, WAS A LEADING TEACHER AT THE PHILANTHROPINIST SCHOOL IN GERMANY. GUTS MUTHS IMAGINED TWO MAIN DIVISIONS OF GYMNASTICS: NATURAL GYMNASTICS AND ARTIFICIAL GYMNASTICS. THESE TWO DIVISIONS MAY BE THOUGHT OF AS UTILITARIAN AND NONUTILITARIAN GYMNASTICS. THE FORMER DISCIPLINES EMPHASIZE THE HEALTH OF THE BODY, SIMILAR TO THE EXERCISES DEVELOPED IN SWEDEN AND DENMARK UNDER PER HENRIK LING (1776 1839) AND NEILS BUKH (1880 1950), RESPECTIVELY.
IN 1813 PHLFOUNDED A TEACHER-TRAINING CENTRE, THE ROYAL GYMNASTICS CENTRAL INSTITUTE, IN STOCKHOLM. PHLDEVISEDAND TAUGHT A SYSTEM OF GYMNASTIC EXERCISES DESIGNED TO PRODUCE MEDICAL BENEFITS FOR THE ATHLETE.CALISTHENICSARE ATTRIBUTED TO HIM, INCLUDING FREE CALISTHENICS THAT IS, EXERCISES WITHOUT THE USE OF HAND APPARATUS SUCH AS CLUBS, WANDS, AND DUMBBELLS. ALTHOUGH PHLDID NOT PROMOTE COMPETITION, FREE CALISTHENICS HAVE EVOLVED INTO THE COMPETITIVE SPORT NOW KNOWN ASFLOOR EXERCISE. MANY OF THESE EXERCISES CAME TO BE INCLUDED IN THEOLYMPIC GAMES. SOME OF THE COMPETITIONS GROUPED UNDER THIS ANCIENT DEFINITION OF GYMNASTICS LATER BECAME SEPARATESPORTSSUCH ASATHLETICS(TRACK AND FIELD),WRESTLING, ANDBOXING. IN 1881 THEF D RATION INTERNATIONALEGYMNASTIQUE (FIG) WAS FOUNDED TO SUPERVISE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION. THE 1896 OLYMPIC GAMES FOSTERED INTEREST IN GYMNASTICS, AND THE FIG WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS IN GYMNASTICS WERE ORGANIZED FOR MEN IN 1903, FOR WOMEN IN 1934. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam. By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures had been agreed upon. German Friedrich Ludwig Jahnstarted the German gymnastics movement in 1811 which led to the invention of the parallel bars,rings,high bar, thepommel horseand thevault horse OLYMPIC GYMNASTICS ARE GROUPED INTO DIFFERENT DIVISIONS ARTISTIC, RHYTHMIC, AND TRAMPOLINE. FOR MEN THE ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS EVENTS ARE:FLOOR EXERCISE,POMMEL HORSE,RINGS,VAULT,PARALLEL BARS,HORIZONTAL BAR, AND COMBINED EXERCISES (THE ALL-AROUND), WHICH COMBINES THE SCORES OF THE OTHER SIX EVENTS. THE COMBINED EXERCISES FOR MEN ARE CONTESTED BOTH ON AN INDIVIDUAL AND ON A TEAM BASIS. FOR WOMEN THE ARTISTIC EVENTS ARE FLOOR EXERCISE, VAULT,UNEVEN BARS,BALANCE BEAM, AND COMBINED EXERCISES, BOTH TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL. GYM FDRATIONOF INDIA 1951 NEW DELHI
HOW TO DO A FORWARD ROLL 1. STRETCH FIRST. START OFF BY STRETCHING YOUR BACK, WRISTS, AND LEGS TO AVOID GETTING HURT WHILE DOING THIS TRICK 2. STAND ON A MAT IN A WIDE OPEN SPACE. A FORWARD ROLL CAN BE DONE INDOORS ON A GYM MAT OR OUTSIDE IN THE GRASS. ALTERNATIVELY, YOU CAN DO A FORWARD ROLL ON A DOWNWARD INCLINE AND USE GRAVITY TO HELP YOU MOVE INTO THE ROLL. 3. GET IN STARTING POSITION. SQUAT WITH YOUR FEET TOGETHER. PLACE YOUR FEET TOGETHER AND BEND YOUR KNEES SO THAT YOU'RE SQUATTING. PLACE YOUR HANDS ON THE GROUND IN FRONT OF YOU WITH YOUR ELBOWS BENT. YOUR HANDS SHOULD BE EVENLY SPACED AT SHOULDER WIDTH. THIS IS THE STARTING POSITION FOR A BEGINNER'S FORWARD ROLL. 4. DROP YOUR HEAD BETWEEN YOUR ARMS. BE SURE TO TUCK IN YOUR CHIN. AS YOU MOVE INTO THE ROLL, YOU DON'T WANT TO PLACE WEIGHT ON YOUR NECK - IT SHOULD MOVE DIRECTLY ONTO YOUR UPPER BACK. TUCKING IN YOUR CHIN WILL HELP ENSURE THAT YOU DON'T PUT PRESSURE ON YOUR NECK.
5. ROLL FORWARD. PUSH OVER ONTO YOUR UPPER BACK, SO THAT YOUR BODY ROLLS FORWARD AND YOUR HIPS ARE PUSHED OVER YOUR HEAD. FOLLOW THE CURVE OF YOUR SPINE AS YOU ROLL. KEEP YOUR BACK CURVED AND KEEP YOUR HANDS IN POSITION. DO NOT ROLL FROM SIDE TO SIDE - ROLL STRAIGHT FORWARD ALONG YOUR SPINE. OTHERWISE, YOU MAY FALL TO ONE SIDE OR THE OTHER. BE SURE TO KEEP YOUR CHIN TUCKED IN AND YOUR BACK CURVED. IF YOU STRAIGHTEN OUT, YOUR ROLL WON'T HAVE AS MUCH MOMENTUM. 6. STAND WITHOUT USING YOUR HANDS FOR SUPPORT. AT THE END OF THE ROLL, PLACE YOUR FEET FLAT ON THE FLOOR AND MOVE INTO A STANDING POSITION WITHOUT PUTTING YOUR HANDS ON THE GROUND. STRAIGHTEN YOUR LEGS, THEN FINISH UPRIGHT WITH YOUR HANDS OVER YOUR HEAD
BACKWARD ROLL 1. TRY ROCKING BACK. START IN A SQUAT POSITION. HOLD YOUR HANDS CLOSE TO THE BODY WITH THE PALMS FLAT TOWARDS UPWARD. THEY SHOULD BE SHOULDER HEIGHT. DROP YOUR BUTT DOWN LIKE YOU ARE SITTING. ROLL BACK WHILE LIFTING YOUR LEGS STRAIGHT. THAT SHOULD PUT THE PRESSURE ON YOUR HANDS AND YOUR SHOULDERS. TO DO A BACKWARD ROLL, YOU NEED ENOUGH ABDOMINAL STRENGTH TO LIFT YOUR LEGS AND HIPS OVER YOUR HEAD. YOU ALSO NEED ENOUGH ARM STRENGTH TO PUSH YOUR BODY OVER AND PROTECT YOUR NECK. 2. USE A WEDGE. ONE WAY TO LEARN THE BASIC MOVEMENT OF A BACKWARD ROLL IS TO USE A WEDGE. SIT ON THE HIGHER END OF A WEDGE. HOLD YOUR HANDS CLOSE TO YOUR BODY. FACE THE PALMS FLAT TOWARDS THE CEILING. TUCK THE CHIN. ROLL BACKWARDS DOWN THE WEDGE. REACH FOR THE MAT WHILE KEEPING YOUR HANDS CLOSE TO YOUR SHOULDERS. KICK YOUR TOES OVER YOUR HEAD TO ROLL YOURSELF. LAND ON YOUR FEET 3. USE A SPOTTER. IF YOU ARE STILL UNABLE TO COMPLETE THE ROLL, ASK SOMEONE TO SPOT YOU. THE SPOTTER STANDS TO YOUR SIDE. AS YOU ROLL BACK INTO YOUR BACKWARD ROLL, THE SPOTTER WILL GRAB YOUR BACK. THEY LIFT YOUR HIPS AS THEY HELP GUIDE YOUR BODY OVER WHILE KEEPING THE PRESSURE OFF YOUR NECK.SPOTTERS HELP YOU LEARN CORRECT HAND PLACEMENT. THEY ALSO CAN HELP YOU BUILD ENOUGH ARM STRENGTH TO PUSH YOURSELF OFF THE GROUND.
HANDSTAND 1. START IN A LUNGE POSITION. SET YOUR FEET A COMFORTABLE DISTANCE APART. HAVING THEM TOO NARROW OR TOO WIDE MAY MAKE YOUR KICK-UP FEEL DIFFICULT AND UNNATURAL. IT DOESN T MATTER WHICH LEG IS UP FRONT AND WHICH ONE IS IN THE BACK. HOWEVER, MANY GYMNASTS PREFER TO KEEP THEIR STRONGER LEG UP FRONT TO PROVIDE MORE POWER AND STABILITY ON THEIR WAY UP. 2. RAISE YOUR ARMS STRAIGHT UP OVER YOUR HEAD. POINT YOUR FINGERS TOWARDS THE CEILING SO THAT YOUR BICEPS ARE RIGHT BESIDE YOUR EARS. STRAIGHTEN YOUR ARMS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE WITHOUT LOCKING YOUR ELBOWS AND SHRUG SLIGHTLY TO ENGAGE THE MUSCLES IN YOUR SHOULDERS AND UPPER CHEST.IF YOUR ARMS ARE BENT TOO MUCH WHEN YOU GET INTO AN INVERTED POSITION, IT WILL MAKE IT MUCH HARDER TO HOLD YOURSELF UP. 3. REACH DOWN TOWARDS THE FLOOR WITH BOTH HANDS WHILE LIFTING YOUR BACK LEG. KEEPING YOUR ARMS AND BACK STRAIGHT AND FIRM, BEND AT THE WAIST AND PLACE YOUR PALMS FLAT ON THE FLOOR. AT THE SAME TIME, SHIFT YOUR WEIGHT FORWARD ONTO YOUR FRONT LEG AND PICK UP YOUR BACK LEG. MAKE SURE YOUR BODY FORMS A STRAIGHT LINE FROM YOUR SHOULDERS TO THE TOES OF YOUR BACK LEG. SPREAD YOUR FINGERS WIDE TO CREATE A MORE STABLE BASE. THIS IS ONLY THE FIRST STAGE OF THE KICK-UP, WHICH YOU'LL PERFORM IN A SINGLE FLUID MOTION WHEN YOU'RE READY TO ACTUALLY ATTEMPT A HANDSTAND.
4. KICK UP FORCEFULLY ONTO YOUR HANDS AND BRING BOTH LEGS TOGETHER ABOVE YOU. SWING YOUR BACK LEG STRAIGHT UP BEHIND YOU LIKE YOU RE TRYING TO KICK THE CEILING, LETTING YOUR FRONT LEG FOLLOW NATURALLY BEHIND. AFTER YOUR FRONT FOOT LEAVES THE FLOOR, BRING IT UP TO MEET YOUR KICKING LEG AND HOLD BOTH LEGS TIGHT TOGETHER TO COMPLETE THE HANDSTAND. 5. KEEP YOUR BODY AS STRAIGHT AND RIGID AS POSSIBLE. ONCE YOU VE FOUND YOUR BALANCE POINT, TIGHTEN UP AND HOLD YOURSELF STEADY. THE IDEA IS TO KEEP EVERYTHING STACKED SO THAT YOUR WRISTS, ELBOWS, SHOULDERS, CORE, HIPS, KNEES, AND ANKLES ARE ALL HOVERING OVER A SINGLE POINT. OLYMPIC-LEVEL GYMNASTS LOOK LIKE STATUES WHEN THEY GO INTO HANDSTANDS.
CARTWHEEL 1. PICTURE AN IMAGINARY LINE EXTENDING STRAIGHT IN FRONT OF YOU. USE THIS LINE AS A GUIDE WHILE YOU PERFORM YOUR CARTWHEEL. YOU CAN EVEN USE PAINTER S TAPE TO CREATE A REAL LINE ACROSS A CARPET OR A MAT. THIS LINE SHOULD BE AT LEAST SEVERAL FEET LONG. MAKE SURE THE AREA AROUND YOUR LINE IS FREE AND CLEAR. AVOID PRACTICING CARTWHEELS NEAR WALLS OR PIECES OF FURNITURE THAT YOU MIGHT RUN INTO. INJURIES OCCUR WHEN YOU BUMP INTO SOMETHING HARD. 2. LUNGE FORWARD WITH YOUR LEAD LEG AND RAISE YOUR ARMS. SLIGHTLY BEND YOUR FRONT LEG AT THE KNEE AND KEEP YOUR BACK LEG STRAIGHT. KEEP BOTH FEET POINTING FORWARD PARALLEL. HOLD YOUR ARMS STRAIGHT UP BY YOUR EARS. 3. LOWER YOUR ARMS TOWARDS THE GROUND WHILE RAISING YOUR BACK LEG. KEEP YOUR ARMS STRAIGHT BY YOUR EARS AS YOU LOWER THEM DOWN TO BRING YOUR HEAD AND TORSO DOWN AS WELL. ONLY LOWER YOUR ARMS ABOUT HALFWAY TO THE GROUND. BRING YOUR BACK LEG UP WHILE KEEPING IT STRAIGHT SO YOUR BODY FORMS A T SHAPE.THIS STEP REQUIRES BALANCE. YOU MAY NEED TO DROP YOUR LEG SEVERAL TIMES BEFORE YOU FIND A BALANCED POSITION YOU CAN HOLD.
4. PLACE YOUR HANDS ON THE MAT AS YOU TURN YOUR BODY SIDEWAYS. PUT DOWN THE ARM ON THE SAME SIDE OF YOUR BODY AS YOUR LEAD LEG FIRST. THEN PUT YOUR OTHER ARM DOWN SO THEY'RE SPREAD ABOUT SHOULDER WIDTH APART, SIMILAR TO THE WAY THEY WOULD BE POSITIONED FOR A HANDSTAND. PLACE BOTH HANDS ALONG THE IMAGINARY LINE. 5. PUSH OFF ON YOUR FRONT LEG, THEN BRING YOUR LEGS UP IN A V SHAPE. STRAIGHTEN YOUR FRONT LEG AS YOU PUSH SO YOUR LEGS END UP IN THE AIR, POINTING STRAIGHT UPWARDS. BALANCE YOUR WEIGHT ON YOUR ARMS WITH YOUR HANDS SHOULDER-WIDTH APART ON EITHER SIDE OF YOUR HEAD. KEEP YOUR HEAD AND TORSO UPSIDE DOWN AND POSITIONED DIRECTLY OVER YOUR ARMS.USE YOUR SHOULDERS AND CORE FOR SUPPORT. 6. LOWER YOUR LEAD LEG AS YOU LIFT THE FIRST HAND YOU PUT DOWN OFF THE MAT. TO COMPLETE THE CARTWHEEL, PUT YOUR LEADING LEG DOWN FIRST ALONG YOUR IMAGINARY LINE. THE FIRST HAND YOU PLACED ON THE MAT WILL LIFT UP NATURALLY AS YOUR FOOT COMES DOWN. BRING YOUR ARM UP BY YOUR EAR TO FINISH THE CARTWHEEL. YOUR WEIGHT SHOULD START TO SHIFT ONTO YOUR LEGS.
7. BRING YOUR OTHER LEG DOWN WHILE LIFTING YOUR OTHER HAND OFF THE MAT. YOUR OTHER LEG WILL FOLLOW THE FIRST AS IT COMES DOWN. MAKE SURE TO PLACE YOUR BACK FOOT BEHIND YOUR LEADING FOOT ALONG THE SAME IMAGINARY LINE 9. KEEP PRACTICING UNTIL THE MOVEMENTS FEEL COMFORTABLE. CONTINUE TO PRACTICE YOUR CARTWHEEL, IT MAY TAKE SOME TIME, ONE DIRECTION MAY BE EASIER THAN THE OTHER FOR YOU MOST PEOPLE HAVE A DOMINANT LEG. BUT PRACTICE BOTH TO GET COMFORTABLE CARTWHEELING ON EITHER SIDE. PICK ONE SIDE YOU WOULD LIKE TO DO FIRST.
