Early Christian Creeds and Councils

 
THE APOSTLES’ AND
NICENE CREEDS
 
APOSTLES’ CREED
 
I believe in God
, the Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and earth;
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son Our Lord,
Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried.
He descended into Hell; the third day He rose again from the dead;
He ascended into Heaven, and sits at the right hand of God, the Father almighty;
from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy Catholic Church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body
 and life everlasting.
 
ARIANISM/COUNCIL OF NICEA I
ARIANISM/COUNCIL OF NICEA I
 
Arianism taught that Jesus was not God – he was created and gifted with divinity.
Arianism taught that Jesus was not God – he was created and gifted with divinity.
X 
X 
Selective reading of Scripture, out of context
Selective reading of Scripture, out of context
X 
X 
Ignored the prayer and worship of the Church since the time of the Apostles
Ignored the prayer and worship of the Church since the time of the Apostles
Emperor Constantine called a council (held in 325) to settle the matter, which only
Emperor Constantine called a council (held in 325) to settle the matter, which only
partially worked.
partially worked.
Arianism continued to spread after the Council (boo)
Arianism continued to spread after the Council (boo)
 
“Councils often represent the 
beginning
 of a resolution to a particular crisis in
the Church.” – Scott Hahn, 
The Creed
 
COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE I
COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE I
Some bishops and Roman nobility increasingly sided with Arius, errors
continued to spread
Emperors called a new council – held in 381
Upheld Nicea :
The consubstantiality and co-eternity of the three divine persons
The taking of humanity of the Word, the Incarnation
Distinctive, but one substance
God is Trinity, Trinity is God
Draws more from the Scripture
 
NICENE CREED
 
I believe in one God,
the Father almighty,
maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.
 
I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from
Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us
men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became
man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in
accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in
glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end.
 
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the
Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets.
 
I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to
the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come
 
NICENE CREED
 
I believe in one God,
I believe in one God,
the Father almighty,
the Father almighty,
maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.
maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.
There is only one God, He is transcendent authority - omnipotence
There is only one God, He is transcendent authority - omnipotence
He is the first origin of all creation, including us, and we should prefer nothing to Him
He is the first origin of all creation, including us, and we should prefer nothing to Him
He is goodness and loving care
He is goodness and loving care
He is a mystery, even when He reveals himself
He is a mystery, even when He reveals himself
Eternally Father to the Son
Eternally Father to the Son
There is a bond between the visible (earthly things) and invisible (angels, saints)
There is a bond between the visible (earthly things) and invisible (angels, saints)
 
NICENE CREED
 
I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father
I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father
before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not
before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not
made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made.
made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made.
 
‘son of God’ is different from the Old Testament references
‘son of God’ is different from the Old Testament references
Jesus is eternal, of the same ‘being’ as the Father and to be worshipped
Jesus is eternal, of the same ‘being’ as the Father and to be worshipped
Multiple references to describe the ‘sameness’ as the Father
Multiple references to describe the ‘sameness’ as the Father
Jesus participated in creation
Jesus participated in creation
*Consubstantial is the key word – 
*Consubstantial is the key word – 
homoousios 
homoousios 
in Greek
in Greek
 
SCRIPTURE
 
Mk 1:1 
Mk 1:1 
“The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.”
“The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.”
1 John 4:2
1 John 4:2
By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God,
Acts 13.33
Acts 13.33
“he has fulfilled for us, their children, by raising up Jesus. As it is written in the second Psalm:
“he has fulfilled for us, their children, by raising up Jesus. As it is written in the second Psalm:
“You are my son; today I have begotten you.”
“You are my son; today I have begotten you.”
John 1:14
John 1:14
“And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father’s only son, full
of grace and truth.”
John 3:18
John 3:18
Those who believe in him are not condemned; but those who do not believe are condemned already, because they have not believed in
the name of the only Son of God.
Mission of Christ: Revelation 5: Christ is the slain Lamb of God; the conqueror
Mission of Christ: Revelation 5: Christ is the slain Lamb of God; the conqueror
 
 
NICENE CREED
 
For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was
For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was
incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under
incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under
Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in
Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in
accordance with the Scriptures.
accordance with the Scriptures.
 
The mission of the Holy Spirit ordered and joined to that of the Son
The mission of the Holy Spirit ordered and joined to that of the Son
He sanctifies the womb of Mary for The Word to take on flesh
He sanctifies the womb of Mary for The Word to take on flesh
God came to earth and became a man
God came to earth and became a man
His purpose was the 
His purpose was the 
salvation
salvation
 of the world
 of the world
Jesus did not abolish, but fulfilled the Law of Sinai
Jesus did not abolish, but fulfilled the Law of Sinai
Again = anew or afresh, not in the sense of ‘to have done again’
Again = anew or afresh, not in the sense of ‘to have done again’
 
NICENE CREED
 
He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come
again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end.
 
Jesus’ humanity enters into God’s heavenly domain
Opportunity for all people to participate in the upward movement to glory
‘right hand’ means the power to govern (ordering all creation)
“the inauguration of the Messiah's kingdom, the fulfillment of the prophet Daniel's vision”
(CCC 664)
He is the Lord of all things and will pass judgement on all things, especially on The Last
Day - Everyone is answerable to Him
 
DISCUSSION
 
How does this impact your daily life?
How do you live the Gospel because of the Creed?
How can we use the creed for evangelization?
What is the Kingdom of God?
How is the Eucharist implied in the Creed?
 
NICENE CREED
 
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and
the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken
the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken
through the prophets.
through the prophets.
God is a Trinity,:  Father Son and Spirit are one, distinct and inseparable
God is a Trinity,:  Father Son and Spirit are one, distinct and inseparable
He is Lord, the same divine word used for the Son
He is Lord, the same divine word used for the Son
“The Word of God and His Breath are at the origin of the being and life of every creature”
“The Word of God and His Breath are at the origin of the being and life of every creature”
(CCC 703)
(CCC 703)
“the Son is the one anointed by the Father’s Spirit since his Incarnation”... “Everything in
“the Son is the one anointed by the Father’s Spirit since his Incarnation”... “Everything in
the second chapter of the Creed is to be read in this light. Christ’s whole work is in fact a
the second chapter of the Creed is to be read in this light. Christ’s whole work is in fact a
joint mission of the son and the Holy Spirit.” (CCC 727)
joint mission of the son and the Holy Spirit.” (CCC 727)
The Spirit prepares for the time of the Messiah, never fully revealed
The Spirit prepares for the time of the Messiah, never fully revealed
 
 
NICENE CREED
 
I believe in 
I believe in 
one
one
, holy, catholic and 
, holy, catholic and 
apostolic
apostolic
 Church.
 Church.
Jesus endowed His community with a structure; The Church is the means and the goal of God’s plan (CCC 778)
Christ sanctifies the Church, making her holy
‘Catholic’ means ‘universal’ or ‘in keeping with the whole’
Jesus is present in her, so she has the ‘fullness’ He provides
She is sent on mission by Jesus, called to bring all men into her fold – no limits on geography, political, language separations
“Unity is the essence of the Church” (CCC 813)
Founded on the Apostles:
Original witnesses sent on mission
The Spirit keeps their witness true
Apostolic succession through the pope and the college of bishops
These are the Four Marks of the Church
 
 
NICENE CREED
 
I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection
I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection
of the dead and the life of the world to come
of the dead and the life of the world to come
The Church Militant, Suffering and Victorious are the communion of saints
“Baptism is the first and chief sacrament of the forgiveness of sins: it unites us to
“Baptism is the first and chief sacrament of the forgiveness of sins: it unites us to
Christ, who died, and rose, and gives us the Holy Spirit.” 
Christ, who died, and rose, and gives us the Holy Spirit.” 
(CCC 985)
(CCC 985)
The Church was given the power to forgive sins; the first gift after the resurrection
All people will have physical bodies to live in eternity, glorified
The end of the world is something to look forward too – life everlasting will be a new
world, in union with God. We already believe it, so we look forward to it coming to
fruition and fulfillment.
 
THE ‘OLD’ CREED VS THE ‘NEW’ CREED
 
We believe 
(CREDO)in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of
heaven and earth, and all that is 
seen and unseen 
(visibilium omnium
et invisibilium).
We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God,
eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light,
true God from true God, begotten, not made,
one in Being
 (consubstantialem) with the Father.
Through him all things were made.
For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven:
by the power of the Holy Spirit he was 
born of
 (incarnatus) the Virgin
Mary, and became man.
For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died,
and was buried.
On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures; he
ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
 
He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
and His kingdom will have no end.
and His kingdom will have no end.
 
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,
We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,
who proceeds from the Father and the Son.
who proceeds from the Father and the Son.
With the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified.
With the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified.
He has spoken through the Prophets.
He has spoken through the Prophets.
 
We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. 
We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. 
We acknowledge
We acknowledge
(Confiteor) one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.
(Confiteor) one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.
We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.
We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.
Amen
Amen
 
IN LATIN
 
CREDO in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium.
Et in unum Dominum Iesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula. Deum de Deo, Lumen de
Lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero, genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri; per quem omnia facta sunt.
Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de caelis. Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria
Virgine, et homo factus est.
Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato, passus et sepultus est, et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas, et ascendit
in caelum, sedet ad dexteram Patris.
Et iterum venturus est cum gloria, iudicare vivos et mortuos, cuius regni non erit finis.
Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem, qui ex Patre Filioque procedit.
Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur: qui locutus est per prophetas.
Et unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam.
Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam venturi saeculi.
Amen.
 
IMPORTANCE OF THE CREED
 
According to St. Thomas Aquinas, there are FOUR good effects of our faith:
1.
 Through faith the soul is united to God, and by it there is between the soul and God
a union akin to marriage (Hosea 2:20).
2.
Eternal life is already begun in us; for eternal life is nothing else than knowing God
3.
The right direction for our lives. “The just man lives by faith (Hab:2:4)
4.
By faith we overcome temptations. “The holy ones by faith conquered kingdoms”
Heb. 11:33
 
DISCUSSION
 
How is this true/not true? “What you believe matters”
Do you think the changes in the English translation have helped people better
understand our faith?
Has learning about the creeds changed your understanding of God? The faith? How?
What could be a modern heresy in relation to our understanding of what we are
professing?
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Explore the Apostles' Creed, Nicene Creed, and historical context of Arianism through the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople. Learn about the beliefs, controversies, and resolutions that shaped early Christian theology in this informative content.


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  1. THE APOSTLES AND NICENE CREEDS

  2. APOSTLES CREED I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son Our Lord, Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended into Hell; the third day He rose again from the dead; He ascended into Heaven, and sits at the right hand of God, the Father almighty; from thence He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy Catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body and life everlasting.

  3. ARIANISM/COUNCIL OF NICEA I Arianism taught that Jesus was not God he was created and gifted with divinity. X Selective reading of Scripture, out of context X Ignored the prayer and worship of the Church since the time of the Apostles Emperor Constantine called a council (held in 325) to settle the matter, which only partially worked. Arianism continued to spread after the Council (boo) Councils often represent the beginning of a resolution to a particular crisis in the Church. Scott Hahn, The Creed

  4. COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE I Some bishops and Roman nobility increasingly sided with Arius, errors continued to spread Emperors called a new council held in 381 Upheld Nicea : The consubstantiality and co-eternity of the three divine persons The taking of humanity of the Word, the Incarnation Distinctive, but one substance God is Trinity, Trinity is God Draws more from the Scripture

  5. NICENE CREED I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come

  6. NICENE CREED I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. There is only one God, He is transcendent authority - omnipotence He is the first origin of all creation, including us, and we should prefer nothing to Him He is goodness and loving care He is a mystery, even when He reveals himself Eternally Father to the Son There is a bond between the visible (earthly things) and invisible (angels, saints)

  7. NICENE CREED I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. son of God is different from the Old Testament references Jesus is eternal, of the same being as the Father and to be worshipped Multiple references to describe the sameness as the Father Jesus participated in creation *Consubstantial is the key word homoousios in Greek

  8. SCRIPTURE Mk 1:1 The beginning of the good news of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 1 John 4:2 By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, Acts 13.33 he has fulfilled for us, their children, by raising up Jesus. As it is written in the second Psalm: You are my son; today I have begotten you. John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father s only son,full of grace and truth. John 3:18 Those who believe in him are not condemned; but those who do not believe are condemned already, because they have not believed in the name of the only Son of God. Mission of Christ: Revelation 5: Christ is the slain Lamb of God; the conqueror

  9. NICENE CREED For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. The mission of the Holy Spirit ordered and joined to that of the Son He sanctifies the womb of Mary for The Word to take on flesh God came to earth and became a man His purpose was the salvation of the world Jesus did not abolish, but fulfilled the Law of Sinai Again = anew or afresh, not in the sense of to have done again

  10. NICENE CREED He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end. Jesus humanity enters into God s heavenly domain Opportunity for all people to participate in the upward movement to glory right hand means the power to govern (ordering all creation) the inauguration of the Messiah's kingdom, the fulfillment of the prophet Daniel's vision (CCC 664) He is the Lord of all things and will pass judgement on all things, especially on The Last Day - Everyone is answerable to Him

  11. DISCUSSION How does this impact your daily life? How do you live the Gospel because of the Creed? How can we use the creed for evangelization? What is the Kingdom of God? How is the Eucharist implied in the Creed?

  12. NICENE CREED I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. God is a Trinity,: Father Son and Spirit are one, distinct and inseparable He is Lord, the same divine word used for the Son The Word of God and His Breath are at the origin of the being and life of every creature (CCC 703) the Son is the one anointed by the Father s Spirit since his Incarnation ... Everything in the second chapter of the Creed is to be read in this light. Christ s whole work is in fact a joint mission of the son and the Holy Spirit. (CCC 727) The Spirit prepares for the time of the Messiah, never fully revealed

  13. NICENE CREED I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. Jesus endowed His community with a structure; The Church is the means and the goal of God s plan (CCC 778) Christ sanctifies the Church, making her holy Catholic means universal or in keeping with the whole Jesus is present in her, so she has the fullness He provides She is sent on mission by Jesus, called to bring all men into her fold no limits on geography, political, language separations Unity is the essence of the Church (CCC 813) Founded on the Apostles: Original witnesses sent on mission The Spirit keeps their witness true Apostolic succession through the pope and the college of bishops These are the Four Marks of the Church

  14. NICENE CREED I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come The Church Militant, Suffering and Victorious are the communion of saints Baptism is the first and chief sacrament of the forgiveness of sins: it unites us to Christ, who died, and rose, and gives us the Holy Spirit. (CCC 985) The Church was given the power to forgive sins; the first gift after the resurrection All people will have physical bodies to live in eternity, glorified The end of the world is something to look forward too life everlasting will be a new world, in union with God. We already believe it, so we look forward to it coming to fruition and fulfillment.

  15. THE OLD CREED VS THE NEW CREED We believe (CREDO)in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and all that is seen and unseen (visibilium omnium et invisibilium). He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and His kingdom will have no end. We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, one in Being (consubstantialem) with the Father. Through him all things were made. We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. With the Father and the Son he is worshiped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of (incarnatus) the Virgin Mary, and became man. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge (Confiteor) one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered, died, and was buried. On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.

  16. IN LATIN CREDO in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium. Et in unum Dominum Iesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula. Deum de Deo, Lumen de Lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero, genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri; per quem omnia facta sunt. Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de caelis. Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est. Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato, passus et sepultus est, et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas, et ascendit in caelum, sedet ad dexteram Patris. Et iterum venturus est cum gloria, iudicare vivos et mortuos, cuius regni non erit finis. Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem, qui ex Patre Filioque procedit. Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur: qui locutus est per prophetas. Et unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam. Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam venturi saeculi. Amen.

  17. IMPORTANCE OF THE CREED According to St. Thomas Aquinas, there are FOUR good effects of our faith: 1. Through faith the soul is united to God, and by it there is between the soul and God a union akin to marriage (Hosea 2:20). 2. Eternal life is already begun in us; for eternal life is nothing else than knowing God 3. The right direction for our lives. The just man lives by faith (Hab:2:4) 4. By faith we overcome temptations. The holy ones by faith conquered kingdoms Heb. 11:33

  18. DISCUSSION How is this true/not true? What you believe matters Do you think the changes in the English translation have helped people better understand our faith? Has learning about the creeds changed your understanding of God? The faith? How? What could be a modern heresy in relation to our understanding of what we are professing?

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