Water, Acids, and Bases in Chemistry
Chapter 2
Chemistry of Life
2.3 Water, Acids, and Bases
Learning Objectives for section 2.3:
a.
Describe the distribution of Earth’s water
b.
Identify water’s structure and properties
c.
Define acids, bases, and pH.
d.
Explain why water is essential for life.
Water, Acids, and Bases
Water, Acids, and Bases
Water is a common chemical substance on Earth.
Almost 75% of the planet is covered in water.
- 97% of that water is salt water ocean
- 3% is freshwater
- 68% of all freshwater is locked in ice caps and
glaciers (although that is changing)
- 30% is ground water
- 2% is surface water
- 87% of the surface water is found in lakes
- 11% is located in swamps
- 2% is found in our rivers
Chemical Structure of Water
Chemical Structure of Water
Water is made up of one atom of oxygen
and two atoms of hydrogen.
The oxygen atom in a water molecule
attracts electrons more strongly than
the hydrogen atoms.
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
The result is that the oxygen side of the molecule is slightly negative
while the hydrogen side is more positive.
The difference in electrical charges on different sides of a molecule is
called
polarity
.
Water is a polar molecule.
Hydrogen bonding explains
much about the various
properties of water.
Acid, Base and pH
The scale is
logarithmic
.
Each value,
from 0 – 14, has
10 times
greater ion
concentration
than the value
below it.
pH 5 is 10 times
more acid than
pH 6.
Water is a vital substance on Earth, with its unique structure and properties making it essential for life. This chapter delves into the distribution of Earth's water, the chemical composition of water, the concepts of acids, bases, and pH, and how water's properties are influenced by hydrogen bonding. Exploring these fundamental aspects provides insights into the role of water in sustaining life and understanding chemical reactions.
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Presentation Transcript
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life 2.3 Water, Acids, and Bases Learning Objectives for section 2.3: a. Describe the distribution of Earth s water b. Identify water s structure and properties c. Define acids, bases, and pH. d. Explain why water is essential for life.
Water, Acids, and Bases Water is a common chemical substance on Earth. Almost 75% of the planet is covered in water. - 97% of that water is salt water ocean - 3% is freshwater - 68% of all freshwater is locked in ice caps and glaciers (although that is changing) - 30% is ground water - 2% is surface water - 87% of the surface water is found in lakes - 11% is located in swamps - 2% is found in our rivers
Chemical Structure of Water Water is made up of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen. Oxygen The oxygen atom in a water molecule attracts electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen Hydrogen The result is that the oxygen side of the molecule is slightly negative while the hydrogen side is more positive. The difference in electrical charges on different sides of a molecule is called polarity. Water is a polar molecule.
Hydrogen bonding explains much about the various properties of water.
The scale is logarithmic. Each value, from 0 14, has 10 times greater ion concentration than the value below it. pH 5 is 10 times more acid than pH 6.
