Understanding Wool: A Comprehensive Glossary of Terminology in Sheep Wool Production
Dive into the world of sheep wool production with this detailed glossary covering essential terms such as fleece, lock, greasy wool, kemp, keratin, crimp, staple length, suint, lanolin, burr, scouring, carbonization, shearing, and more. Explore the nuances of wool processing, from fiber characteristics to cleaning methods and industry-specific terminology.
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Wool Glossary (A Part of Unit II-3rdProf. Year) Dr. Gargi Mahapatra Asst. Prof. cum Jnr. Sc. Dept. of Livestock Products Technology Bihar Veterinary College BASU, Patna
Terminology Terminology 1. Fleece: Fibre coat that covers a sheep. 2. Lock: A group of fibres clinging together in fleece. 3. Greasy wool: Shorn wool with grease and wax etc. before removal of impurities. 4. Kemp: A coarse and brittle wool fibre. It has an irregular medulla. 5. Keratin: The wool protein is known as keratin. It contains sulphur. 6. Crimp: Natural waviness of a wool fibre.
Terminology cont. Terminology cont. 7. Staple Length: Length of a wool fibre without disturbing its natural waviness. 8. Fibre Length: Length of the fibre in stretched condition. 9. Suint: Secretions of the sudoriferous glands of the skin. It is mostly alkaline in nature having potassium salts. 10. Lanolin/ Wool wax: Secretions of the sebaceous glands of the skin. 11. Wool Yolk: Wool wax with suint- a water soluble material in raw wool is known as yolk. It is more in finer wool and increases in winters
Terminology cont. Terminology cont. 12. Burr: Vegetable matter present in wool is known as burr. 13. Scouring: Washing treatment of wool with detergent (sodium carbonate) or removal of impurities from raw wool to obtain clean wool yield. 14. Carbonization: The process of chemical treatment of wool for removal of burr. 15. Shearing/ Clipping: Removal of fleece from the body of sheep either with a pair of scissors or by electric shearers.
Terminology cont. Terminology cont. 16. Sweating: The process of removal of wool by bacterial digestion of pre-keratinous region of fibre root or by application of depilatory agent to the under surface of pelt. 17. Rooing: Plucking of fleece of indigenous sheep having double coat under going partial moult or loosening of the fibre. 18. Fellmongering: The process of removal of wool fibres from sheep skin through use of chemical applications (sodium sulphide) or administration (10-14 mg of thallium) for artificial moult in sheep 10-16 days post administration.
Terminology cont. Terminology cont. 19. Felting: It is defined as the ability of textile material to undergo irreversible increase in bulk density when subjected to friction and pressure under suitable physical conditions. 20. Secondary/ Primary Ratio: It is the ration of secondary to primary follicle obtained by dividing the total number of secondaries by total number of primaries in a unit area of skin. 21. Hank: It is a definite length of yarn or thread which is measure of quality of wool in worsted system.
Terminology cont. Terminology cont. 22. Handle: It is measure of fine-ness. A subjective assessment of diameter of hair with respect to its tactile qualities. 23. Count: It is an index of thickness or diameter of yarn. 24. Skirting: Removal of objectionable parts and stains from body of fleece after shearing. 25. Warp: The longitudinal section of fabrics which is arranged in a sheety form for the purpose of interlacing with the longitudinal section of the fabrics in a particular mode.
Terminology cont. Terminology cont. 26. Weaving: The technology in which two series of threads are used to produce a fabric running longitudinally and the other lattidinally. 27. Scale: A cuticle of flattened cells protecting the cortex of fibres. 28. Fibrion: Silk protein is known as fibrion. 29. Keratinization: Hardening of previously soft plastic fibrous protein. 30. Lea: It is a measure of length and is 1/7 th of Hank. 1 Lea- 1000 grains & 1 Hank- 7 Lea.
