Understanding the Significance of Plant Physiology in Agriculture
Plant physiology plays a crucial role in understanding how plants adapt to various environmental conditions, develop mechanisms to cope with stress, and optimize their growth and productivity. This branch of botany explores the structural and functional aspects of plants, delving into cellular, biochemical, and biophysical mechanisms. By studying plant physiology, we can enhance crop yields, quality of fruits, and even create disease-resistant varieties to sustainably meet global food demands.
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INTRODUCTION, SCOPE, AND IMPORTANCE OFPLANT PHYSIOLOGY PRESENTED BY DR. JYOTI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
INTRODUCT 2 ION Plants lack locomotion ,Plants have to complete their life cycle and die at same place where they germinate. Plants stand exposed to all three seasons both favourable and unfavourable environmental conditions Plants develops several physical and chemical mechanismto overcome conditions such as high wind ,high temperature, heavy rains ,waterlogged state ,marshy,saline and alkalinesoil etc. Plant physiology probes about the cellular ,biochemical and biophysical mechanisms that develops in order to perform their functions such as abiotic stress conditions. Plant physiology tries to explain how these seasonal functioningis possible in plants fromgermination, flowering. drvidyapatil10@gmail.com
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DEFINITI 4 ON Structural and functional relationships of plants OR Or Study of life activities, responses and functions of plants OR It is branch of botany which deals with various functional aspects of plants is called Plant physiology OR It is the science which deals with the functions of cells, tissues, organs or plant as a whole drvidyapatil10@gmail.com
Scope and importance of plant Physiology 5 Plant physiology is important relating to fruits, vegetables and other consumable plant parts of plants. It include the study of climatic requirements ,fruit drop,nutrition,ripining ,fruit set, optimal planting and harvesting times and post harvest storage of plant products for human consumption and also includes the production of secondary products like drug and cosmetics. Plants are the primary producers of ecosystem. Photosynthesis forms the basis for productivity in any ecosystem. The knowledge of plant physiology can help, not only to predict the performance of plant but also manipulate its growth and development to increase the contents of desired raw material such as sucrose in sugarcane ,oil in oilseeds rubber in rubber plants. Disease frost and drought, resistant varieties have been developed. drvidyapatil10@gmail.com
6 Fruit physiology deals with development ,ripening ,nutritionand yield of fruit plants Its study helps in increasing the yield and quality of fruit crops. Plant physiology helps to manipulate plant growth to achieve higher crop yields. It can be achieved by external applications of nutrients, phytohormones and other plant growth regulators.For ex. Ethylene and carbide for fruit repining GA Gor grape fruit development IAA to induce flowering in pineapple . Plant growth regulators(PGR)are available in marketfor foliar spray to agronomic and horticultural crops. Fruit physiology deals with development ,ripining ,nutrition and yield of fruits. Its study helps to increase the yield and quality of fruit crops Post harvest physiology develops ways and means to store harvested plant parts like grains, fruits tubers for long periods without spoilage Thus the shelf life period of fruits and vegetables can be improved. drvidyapatil10@gmail.com
PTC is used employed in micropropagtion, haploid production, somaclonal variations somatichybrids cell line .For this proper knowledge of plant physiology is essential. 7 PTC and Protoplast fusion have resulted in production of disease free new varieties of crop. Phytochemistry provides scope to understand and isolate the active chemicals for medicinal and other properties of plant parts. Knowledge of plant physiology helps in improving contents of such chemicalin plants. Plant physiologistare in demand by pharmaceuticalcompanies. Stress physiology is very important aspect of agriculture and horticulture. Research in water stress and antitranspirants have resulted in maximum watereconomy in plants. drvidyapatil10@gmail.com
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Student of plant physiology not only to know the plant by its name but also by its chemistry ,function and performance. Person with knowledge of plant physiology are in good demand in industries based on plant product, processing. Students of plant physiology are well trained in biochemical techniques like chromatography, electrophoresis centrifugation ,spectral analysis phytochemical analysis, histochemical and plant tissue culture technique. This helps to join laboratories involved in plant Biotechnology, agrobuiseness ,Pharmacy etc. They can establish their own ventures in nursery ,landscape gardening PTC, Phytochemical analysis. They can provide consultancy services to pharmacists, farmers and people invoved in plant products as raw materials. 10 drvidyapatil10@gmail.com
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