Understanding the Impact of Inside and Outside Environments on Multiple Sclerosis

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This presentation explores how various factors in both inside and outside environments can influence the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Topics covered include the gut microbiome, Epstein-Barr virus, obesity, tobacco use, vitamin D levels, exposure to organic solvents, and shift work. Understanding these influences is crucial for managing MS effectively.


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  1. How Inside and Outside Environments Affect Multiple Sclerosis Allison N. Block, DO Multiple Sclerosis Fellow, University of Chicago

  2. Outline Outline I. Inside environment i. Gut microbiome ii. Epstein-Barr virus II. Outside environment i. Obesity ii. Tobacco use iii. Vitamin D iv. Organic solvents v. Shift work

  3. Inside environment- Gut microbiome Photo credit: https://www.microbiome.in/blog/the-story-of-a-microscopic- community-inside-your-gut

  4. Inside environment- Epstein-Barr virus Photo credit- https://www.redbubble.com/i/sticker/Mononucleosis- Mono-Virus-Structure-by- superelephant/54017407.EJUG5

  5. Outside environment- Obesity Photo credit- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity

  6. Outside environment- Tobacco use Photo credit- https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/light-smokers-may-not-escape-nicotine- addiction-study-reveals/

  7. Outside environment- Vitamin D Photo credit- https://www.fhcsl.com/sunshine-and-happiness-5-reasons- to-go-outside/

  8. Outside environment- Organic solvents Photo credit- https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/cleaning/a38885055/what-is-dry- cleaning/

  9. Outside environment- Shift work Photo credit- https://www.ksjbam.com/2022/03/02/cities-with-the-most-night-shift- workers/

  10. Thank you! I. Inside environment i. Gut microbiome ii. Epstein-Barr virus II. Outside environment i. Obesity ii. Tobacco use iii. Vitamin D iv. Organic solvents v. Shift work

  11. References Ascherio A, Munger KL, White R, K chert K, Simon KC, Polman CH, Freedman MS, Hartung HP, Miller DH, Montalb n X, Edan G, Barkhof F, Pleimes D, Rad EW, Sandbrink R, Kappos L, Pohl C. Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Mar;71(3):306-14. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5993. PMID: 24445558; PMCID: PMC4000029. Barrag n-Mart nez C, Speck-Hern ndez CA, Montoya-Ortiz G, Mantilla RD, Anaya JM, Rojas-Villarraga A. Organic solvents as risk factor for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051506. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PMID: 23284705; PMCID: PMC3526640. Fitzgerald KC, Salter A, Tyry T, Fox RJ, Cutter G, Marrie RA. Measures of general and abdominal obesity and disability severity in a large population of people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2020 Jul;26(8):976-986. doi: 10.1177/1352458519845836. Epub 2019 May 13. PMID: 31079537. Hempel S, Graham GD, Fu N, Estrada E, Chen AY, Miake-Lye I, Miles JN, Shanman R, Shekelle PG, Beroes JM, Wallin MT. A systematic review of modifiable risk factors in the progression of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2017 Apr;23(4):525-533. doi: 10.1177/1352458517690270. Epub 2017 Feb 2. PMID: 28151053. Hunter A, Grech LB, Borland R, das Nair R, White SL, Marck CH. Barriers and motivators for tobacco smoking cessation in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Sep;54:103085. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103085. Epub 2021 Jun 17. PMID: 34175666. Jagannath VA, Filippini G, Di Pietrantonj C, Asokan GV, Robak EW, Whamond L, Robinson SA. Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 24;9(9):CD008422. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008422.pub3. PMID: 30246874; PMCID: PMC6513642. Ma Y, Sannino D, Linden JR, Haigh S, Zhao B, Grigg JB, Zumbo P, D ndar F, Butler DJ, Profaci CP, Telesford KM, Winokur PN, Rumah KR, Gauthier SA, Fischetti VA, McClane BA, Uzal FA, Zexter L, Mazzucco M, Rudick R, Danko D, Balmuth E, Nealon N, Perumal J, Kaunzner UW, Brito IL, Chen Z, Xiang JZ, Betel D, Daneman R, Sonnenberg GF, Mason CE, Vartanian T. Epsilon toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens colonize the MS gut and epsilon toxin overcomes immune privilege. J Clin Invest. 2023 Feb 28:e163239. doi: 10.1172/JCI163239. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36853799. Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E, Hern n MA, Olek MJ, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2004 Jan 13;62(1):60-5. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000101723.79681.38. PMID: 14718698. National Multiple Sclerosis Society [Internet]. Denver: National Multiple Sclerosis Society; c2023 [cited 2023 April 12]. Available from: https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Living-Well-With-MS/Diet-Exercise-Healthy-Behaviors/Diet-Nutrition/Omega-3 Olsson, T., Barcellos, L. & Alfredsson, L. Interactions between genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 13, 25 36 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.187 Smolders J, Torkildsen , Camu W, Holm y T. An Update on Vitamin D and Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2019 Dec;33(12):1187-1199. doi: 10.1007/s40263-019-00674-8. PMID: 31686407; PMCID: PMC6890630. Barrag n-Mart nez C, Speck-Hern ndez CA, Montoya-Ortiz G, Mantilla RD, Anaya JM, Rojas-Villarraga A. Organic solvents as risk factor for autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051506. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PMID: 23284705; PMCID: PMC3526640. Yadav V, Marracci G, Kim E, Spain R, Cameron M, Overs S, Riddehough A, Li DK, McDougall J, Lovera J, Murchison C, Bourdette D. Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016 Sep;9:80-90. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.001. Epub 2016 Jul 6. PMID: 27645350.

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