Understanding Solubility of Organic Compounds
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Solubility refers to the ability of one compound to dissolve in another. The solubility of organic compounds can be categorized based on chemical reactions like acid-base interactions. Different methods such as gravity filtration and vacuum filtration are used to separate components in mixtures based on solubility. This process is illustrated through a procedure involving the dissolution of benzoic acid and sugar in water followed by filtration to separate them.
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solution is a homogeneous mixture composed .In such a mixture, a solute known as a solvent. solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, solvent. solubility The ability of one compound to dissolve in another compound is called solubility.
The solubility of organic compounds can be divided into two major types; 1-Solubility in which the chemical reaction driving forces, for example, acid-base reactions: COOH COONa NaOH H2O Benzoic acid (Water insoluble Benzoic acid (Water insoluble Sodium benzoate Sodium benzoate Water soluble) Water soluble)
2 2- -Solubility for example, ethyl ether in carbon tetrachloride. The first type is used to determine the functional groups involved in the compound, while the second type is used to determine solvents . Solubilityin which only simple miscibility is involved, Filtration impurities from an organic solution . The two types of filtration Filtration is a technique used either to remove solid 1- Gravity Filtration is the method of choice to remove solid impurities by uses the filter paper .
2 2- - Vacuum Filtration with Buchner funnel: Vacuum filtration uses a Buchner funnel and a side-arm flask. Vacuum filtration is faster than gravity filtration, because the solvent or solution and air is forced through the filter paper Vacuum Filtration with Buchner funnel:
Procedure: Procedure: An impure mixture containing about x gm of benzoic acid and 0.5 gm of sugar (glucose) is to be dissolved in about 10 ml of distilled water. The sugar will dissolve in water while benzoic acid remains precipitated. Then perform filtration, by which the benzoic acid remains as the precipitate on the filter paper while the sugar goes with the filtrate as a solution. The sugar can be recovered from the filtrate by evaporating the solvent (water).
