Understanding Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Gestational Hypertension
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, also known as gestational hypertension, can pose risks to both the mother and the fetus. This condition, characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, can lead to complications such as preeclampsia. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and differences between these hypertensive disorders to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health.
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Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
What is blood pressure? Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels. Why is high blood pressure a problem during pregnancy? High blood pressure (also called hypertension) can lead to health problems at any time in life. During pregnancy, severe or uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause problems for you and your fetus.
Gestational Hypertension This condition happens when you only have high blood pressure* during pregnancy and do not have protein in your urine or other heart or kidney problems. It is typically diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy or close to delivery. Gestational hypertension usually goes away after you give birth. What causes pregnancy hypertension in The cause of gestational hypertension is unknown. Some conditions may increase the risk of developing the condition, including the following: Pre-existing hypertension (high blood pressure) Kidney disease.
What happens if a pregnant woman has hypertension? High blood pressure during pregnancy poses the following risks: Less blood flow to the placenta. If the placenta doesn't get enough blood, the fetus might receive less oxygen and fewer nutrients. This can lead to slow growth (intrauterine growth restriction), low birth weight or premature birth What are the four types of hypertension in pregnancy? Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are classified into 4 categories: 1) chronic hypertension, 2) preeclampsia-eclampsia, 3) preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and 4) gestational .
What are the three major symptoms of pregnancy induced hypertension? Usually, there are three primary characteristics of this condition, including the following: high blood pressure (a blood pressure reading higher than 140/90 mm Hg or a significant increase in one or both pressures) protein in the urine. edema (swelling)
What is the difference between pregnancy- induced hypertension and gestational hypertension? Gestational Hypertension also referred to as Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy. Gestational Hypertension can lead to a serious condition called Preeclampsia, also referred to as Toxemia. What are 4 expected findings that a client with gestational hypertension may present with? Sudden weight gain. Vision changes, such as blurred or double vision. Nausea or vomiting. Pain in the upper right side of your belly, or pain around your stomach.
What are the guidelines for blood pressure? Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg Elevated: Systolic between 120 and 129 mm Hg and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic between 80 and 89 mm Hg Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic at least 140 mm Hg or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg
How will my health be monitored during pregnancy? Your blood pressure should be checked at every prenatal care visit. You may also need to monitor your blood pressure at home. Ultrasound exams may be done throughout pregnancy to track the growth of the fetus. If growth problems are suspected, you may have other tests that monitor the health of the fetus. This testing usually begins in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Will I need to deliver early if I have chronic hypertension? If your condition remains stable, delivery 1 to 3 weeks before your due date (about 37 weeks to 39 weeks of pregnancy) generally is recommended. If you or the fetus develop complications, delivery may be needed even earlier What will happen after delivery if I have chronic hypertension? After delivery, you will need to keep monitoring your blood pressure at home for 1 to 2 weeks. Talk with your ob-gyn about blood pressure medications that are safe to take if you plan to breastfeed. Do not stop any medications without talking with your ob-gyn
How will my health be monitored if I have gestational hypertension? All women with gestational hypertension are monitored often (usually weekly) for signs of preeclampsia and to make sure that their blood pressure does not go too high.
Preeclampsia What is preeclampsia? Preeclampsia is a serious disorder that can affect all the organs in your body. It usually develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy, often in the third trimester. develop in the weeks after childbirth
What are the risk factors for preeclampsia? It is not clear why some women develop preeclampsia. Doctors refer to "high risk" and "moderate risk" of preeclampsia. 1 - high risk preeclampsia in a past pregnancy carrying more than one fetus (twins, triplets, or more) chronic hypertension kidney disease diabetes mellitus autoimmune conditions, such as lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE)
- 2 moderate risk being pregnant for the first time being pregnant more than 10 years after your previous pregnancy body mass index (BMI) over 30 family history of preeclampsia (mother or sister) being age 35 or older complications in previous pregnancies, such as having a baby with a low birth weight in vitro fertilization (IVF) Black race (because of racism and inequities that increase risk of illness)
How does preeclampsia affect the body? Preeclampsia can lead to a condition that causes seizures and stroke. Preeclampsia can cause HELLP syndrome. HELLP stands for 1 - hemolysis, 2 - elevated liver enzymes 3 - low platelet count. HELLP syndrome damages or destroys red blood cells and interferes with blood clotting. It can also cause chest pain, abdominal pain, and bleeding in the liver. HELLP syndrome is a medical emergency. Women can die from HELLP syndrome.
Will I need to deliver early if I have preeclampsia? For women with preeclampsia, early delivery may be needed in some cases. Preterm babies have an increased risk of problems with breathing, eating, staying warm, hearing, and vision. Some preterm complications last a lifetime and require ongoing medical care How does preeclampsia affect future health? Women who have had preeclampsia especially those whose babies were born preterm have an increased risk later in life of kidney disease, heart attack, stroke, and high blood pressure. Also, having preeclampsia once increases the risk of having it again in a future pregnancy.
What are the signs and symptoms of preclampsia? Preeclampsia can develop quietly without you being aware of it. Symptoms can include swelling of face or hands headache that will not go away seeing spots or changes in eyesight pain in the upper abdomen or shoulder nausea and vomiting (in the second half of pregnancy) sudden weight gain
.A woman with preeclampsia whose condition is worsening will develop Severe features abnormal kidney or liver function pain in the upper abdomen changes in vision fluid in the lungs severe headache systolic pressure of 160 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure of 110 mm Hg or higher
How is preeclampsia diagnosed? A high blood pressure reading may be the first sign of preeclampsia. If your blood pressure reading is high, it may be checked again to confirm the results. You may have a urine test to check for protein. You may also have tests to check how your liver and kidneys are working and to measure the number of platelets in your blood. How is preeclampsia managed? You and your ob-gyn should talk about how your condition will be managed. The goal is to limit complications for you and to deliver the healthiest baby possible
Management Regular blood pressure monitoring is necessary to ensure the blood pressure remains at 110 140/80 90 mmHg. There should be regular assessment for the development of pre-eclampsia and close surveillance of fetal growth and wellbeing. Once the blood pressure is controlled, gestational hypertension may continue to be managed with outpatient care, under close and regular review.
?What is the nursing management for a patient with preeclampsia? The overall management of preeclampsia includes supportive treatment with antihypertensives and anti-epileptics until definitive treatment - delivery. In preeclampsia without severe features, patients are often induced after 37 weeks gestation after with or without corticosteroids to accelerate lung maturity.
Nursing Interventions Provide frequent rest periods with bed rest. ...Instruct the client to elevate legs when sitting or lying down. ... Monitor the client's BP and instruct monitoring of BP at home. ... Record and graph vital signs, especially BP and pulse
What is the management of high blood pressure in pregnancy? Eating a balanced diet and keeping your salt intake low can help to reduce blood pressure. Find out about exercise in pregnancy, healthy eating in pregnancy, salt in the diet and tips for cutting down on salt What is the best management of preeclampsia? The primary treatment for preeclampsia is either to deliver the baby or manage the condition until the best time to deliver the baby. This decision with your health care provider will depend on the severity of preeclampsia, the gestational age of your baby, and the overall health of you and your baby
Controlling Blood Pressure at Home If you have mild preeclampsia (somewhere between 120/80 and 140/90 blood pressures), your doctor may allow you to rest at home. You ll want to keep a close watch on your preeclampsia symptoms. Examples of steps you could take in an attempt to keep your blood pressure low and minimize side effects include: decreasing your salt intake drinking plenty of water throughout the day increasing the amount of protein in your diet, if your diet has previously lacked enough protein resting on the left side of your body to reduce pressure to major blood vessels Keep in mind that taking these steps may not effectively prevent your preeclampsia from worsening. Your doctor will likely recommend you come to their office regularly for checkups to test your baby s health.
