Understanding IP Addresses and Their Classification
IP Addresses, short for Internet Protocol addresses, are unique identifiers assigned to devices on a network. They can be IPv4 or IPv6, with IPv4 having 32 bits and IPv6 being 128 bits. IP addresses are classified into classes A, B, and C, each with specific range and usage. Understanding IP addresses is essential for network configurations and communication.
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IP ADDRESS IP address is short for Internet Protocol (IP) address. Every machine has a unique identifier on a network. Computers use the unique identifier to communicate to specific computers on a network. The unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address. e.g. NADRA assigns a CNIC # to a person which is unique in whole Pakistan.
IP ADDRESS Versions of IP Address IPv4 IPv6 (Present) (Future 128bit) IPv4 ------- 32bit Address 1 bit is 0 / 1 X 8bit . X 8bit . X 8bit . X 8bit . . . = 32 bit
IP ADDRESS IP Address Calculation Table 27 128 26 64 25 32 24 16 23 8 22 4 21 2 20 1 Calculation Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128 128 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 128+64 192 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 128+64+32 224 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 128+64+32+16 240 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 128+64+32+16+8 248 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 128+64+32+16+8+4 252 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 128+64+32+16+8+4+2 254 128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255
IP ADDRESS 100 in Binary 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 200 in Binary 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
IP ADDRESS Two portion of IP Address Network Portion Host Portion Type of IP Address Public Buy from IANA Unique on Internet Private Predefined by IANA Don t use on Internet Local Area Network (LAN) We use internet on private IP address. This is because of NAT feature in our device
IP ADDRESS Classification of IP Address Class Range Usage N/w bits 8 Host bits 24 S Mask Data Comm A 0 126 255.0.0.0 = B 128 191 16 16 255.255.0.0 = C D 192 223 224 239 24 - 8 - 255.255.255.0 - Multicast R & D E 240 255 - - - Note: Value 127 is not in any class, it is reserved for loopback testing. The loopback IP address is the address used to access itself.
IP ADDRESS Classes X X X X 0-255=256 0-255=256 0-255=256 0-255=256 A Network Host Host Host B Network Network Host Host C Network Network Network Host
IP ADDRESS Calculation of Valid Hosts Classes X X X X Total Valid Host A B C X X X 256 X X 256 256 X 256 256 256 16777214 16777216-2 65534 65536-2 254 256-2
IP ADDRESS What is Network Identifier (ID)? When we consider host portion to all 0 s, we get Network ID What is Broadcast Identifier (ID)? When we ON all bits of host portion OR consider host portion to all 1 s, we get Broadcast ID.
IP ADDRESS Class es A B C Network ID Subnet Mask 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
IP ADDRESS Private IP addresses Classes Network ID Subnet Mask Broadcast ID 1st IP address Last IP address A 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 10.0.0.1 10.255.255.254 B 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 172.16.255.255 172.16.0.1 172.16.255.254 C 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.255 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.254
