Understanding Genotype and Phenotype in Genetics

Genotype refers to the genetic code responsible for specific traits, while phenotype is the outward appearance and characteristics of an organism. Traits can be dominant or recessive, with alleles representing the possible choices for a characteristic. Genotypes consist of two letters, one from each parent, determining whether an organism is purebred dominant, purebred recessive, or a hybrid. The phenotype is how the organism looks, acts, and feels. Remember the difference: Genotype deals with gene code, while phenotype deals with appearance you can take a photo of.

• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Genetics
• Traits
• Dominant

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1. Genotype and Phenotype What is the difference?

2. Review Words Characteristics are the category of a trait Example eye color, height, likes/dislikes Traits the physical, social, and emotional qualities of an organism Example blue eyes, tall, hates carrots Dominant Trait when a majority of an organism shows the trait. Example most pea plants show as tall Recessive Trait when a minority of an organism shows the trait. Example few pea plants show as short Alleles all the possible choices for a characteristic Example eye color blue, brown, gray, green

3. Genotype How the genes code for a specific trait. If the trait is dominant it uses a capital letter Example Tall (T) If the trait is recessive it uses the same letter but lower case Example short (t) Genotypes always have two letters one for dad and one for mom

4. Types of genotype Purebred (homozygous) dominant the genes only have the dominant trait in its code. Example Dominant Tall --TT Purebred (homozygous) recessive the genes only have the recessive trait in its code. Example Recessive short tt Hybrid (heterozygous) the genes are mixed code for that trait. Example hybrid Tall --Tt

5. Phenotype The outward appearance of the trait. How an organism looks How an organism acts How an organism feels

6. Tricks to remembering the difference between Genotype and Phenotype Genotype deals with GENE CODE. Phenotype deals with looks you can take a PHOTO with.

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