Understanding Filtration Mechanisms for Water Treatment
Filtration is a crucial process in water treatment where granular media remove solids through mechanisms like straining, sedimentation, impaction, and interception. Different types of filters, such as slow sand filters, rapid sand filters, and pressure filters, play vital roles in ensuring water quality by effectively removing impurities. Each filter type has specific characteristics and functions that contribute to the overall filtration process, ultimately providing access to clean and safe water for various applications.
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Presentation Transcript
The mechanism by which granular filtration media remove solids from water are complex and are not fully understood. Common theories suggest a number of mechanism that act simultaneously in the solids removal process.
These mechanism are 1. straining 2. sedimentation 3. impaction 4. interception
Types of filter Slow sand filter: they have a hydraulic application rate less than 10 cubic meter / square meter. Day. An underdrain system is installed under the sand bed to collect the filtered water.
Rapid sand filter They have a hydraulic application rate of a approximately 120 240 m3/m2. day. A suitable filter media (usually sand) is used and this media is supported by gravel bed and an underdrain system collects the filtered water
Pressure filter The main difference between gravity and pressure filters are the head required to force the water through media bed and the type of vessel used. Gravity filters usually require 2 to 3 meter of head and are housed in open concrete tank.
