Understanding Day, Night, and Seasons on Earth

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Earth's rotation on its axis causes day and night, with the Sun appearing to rise in the east and set in the west. The movement of stars, Moon, and planets across the sky each night is due to Earth's rotation as shadows change in length throughout the day. Seasons result from Earth's revolution around the Sun, with varying sunlight intensity and angles due to the tilt of the Earth's axis.


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  1. Please Do Now! In the margin of your paper describe what you think causes day and night. Share your answer with a partner.

  2. 1. Earth completes one rotation on its axis every 24 hours. http://hidayaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/earth-rotation.png

  3. 2. As Earth rotates, the Sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west. http://roble.pntic.mec.es/rmac0040/im%E1genes/rotation.jpg

  4. 3. The stars, Moon, and planets appear to move across the sky each night because of Earth s rotation. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/lighthouse_landolfi_big.jpg http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ast110_06/ea/0419a.jpg

  5. 4. At dawn and dusk, shadows are long, and at midday, they are short. http://ppcdn.500px.org/2967579/0d76c5d663ceb27ff5143dde3cb428eb208f5801/5.jpg http://www.naoj.org/Topics/2012/05/15/fig1.jpg

  6. What Do You Think?!? What do you think causes the seasons? Write your idea in the margin of your paper. Share your answer with a partner.

  7. 5. Each year, Earth complete one revolution around the Sun. http://www.adnaan.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/sun1.jpg

  8. 6. In June, the North Pole is tilted toward the Sun, so sunlight hits the Northern Hemisphere at a steeper angle. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR8UVXKvQm1tJkj4NjWrsmM6niPrfaKXPbmA_l2VnDBbRfRCS32

  9. 7. In summer, light is more intense than it is in winter. https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSutvfVjvDVSvHDnBPMlaWt31197ljHIgraDAF_ywRT5GTaddJp2g

  10. 8. In December, the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun, so sunlight hits the Northern Hemisphere at a low angle. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR8UVXKvQm1tJkj4NjWrsmM6niPrfaKXPbmA_l2VnDBbRfRCS32

  11. 9. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/photos/000/312/31279.jpg

  12. 10. In Northern Alaska, summer nights are short but during winter the sun hardly appears. http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-M4j7Kl8b620/TgCWW_4JQmI/AAAAAAAAAlQ/cCylt4f4zAg/s1600/UAMI201_BLOG.jpg

  13. 11. The Sun rises higher in the sky in summer than it does in winter. http://aa.usno.navy.mil/graphics/suns_track.jpg

  14. 12. Near the equator, the Suns apparent path changes less during the year than at higher latitudes. http://www.aqualoc.us/images/equinox.jpg

  15. 13. The Suns path repeats itself every year, so it is possible to predict the time the sun will rise and set. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Sunrise_on_the_Beach.jpg

  16. 14. If the Earth rotated and revolved in the opposite direction, the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east. However, the seasons would follow in the same order. http://smashmaterials.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Sunrise-Pictures-171.jpg

  17. Exit Question What do you think would be different if Earth rotated and revolved in the opposite direction? What would stay the same? Share your answer with a partner.

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