Understanding Blood Types: A Comprehensive Overview

Blood types are determined by specific proteins on red blood cells, with antigens playing a crucial role in compatibility. This detailed guide covers the three main alleles for blood types (A, B, O), their phenotypes, genotypes, and antigen characteristics. Additionally, it explains the implications of Rh factors and presents Punnett Squares for genetic blood type determinations.

• Blood types
• Genetics
• Antigens
• Rh factor
• Punnett Square

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Uploaded on Oct 11, 2024 | 0 Views

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1. Blood Type 3 Alleles for blood type: A, B, O A & B are co-dominant (I); O is recessive (i) Blood type is determined by the proteins found on the red blood cells (RBC) Phenotype Genotype A IAIAor IAi B IBIBor IBi O ii AB IAIB

2. Blood Types Antigens: substances that promote the production of antibodies to kill off cells that may harm the body RBC Protein Markers(Antigens): A Allele: Antigen A B Allele: Antigen B O Allele: None Type A: antigen A makes anti-B antibodies and kills type B off Can receive type A or O blood; donate A or AB Type B: antigen B makes anti-A antibodies and kills type A off Can receive type B or O blood; donate B or AB

3. Blood Types Type O: No antigens, makes anti-A and B; kills off type A and B blood Can receive type O blood; donate to anyone Type AB: Antigen A & B; NO antibodies produced Can receive any type of blood; donate to AB only Review: Type A: receive A or O blood; donate A or AB Type B: receive B or O blood; donate B or AB Type O: receive O blood; donate to A, B, O, or AB Type AB: receive any blood; donate to AB only

4. Blood Type: Rh Factor Named after Rhesus monkey Rh factor is based on different protein markers (antigens) People can be either Rh+ or Rh- (Ex: A+ or A-) Rh+ is dominant; Rh- is recessive Type + : Rh antigen does not create Rh antibodies; can receive + or - blood Type - : No antigen, creates Rh antibodies and kills off + blood; can only receive - ; donate to any Most common blood type: O+ & A+; least common: B- & AB-

5. Blood Type: Punnett Square You can do a Punnett Square to determine blood type Example: Cross a heterozygous type A parent with a type O parent. Genotypes: Phenotypes:

6. Blood Type: Punnett Square Example: Cross a homozygous type B parent with a type AB parent. Genotypes: Phenotypes:

7. Blood Type: Punnett Square Genotypes: Phenotypes: