Types and Purpose of Literature Reviews in Research
The Review of Literature
(Read More to Learn More)
Dr. Muhammad Ibrar
Introduction
•
Review of literature is one of the most important steps
in the research process.
•
It is an account of what is already known about a
particular phenomenon.
•
The main purpose of literature review is to convey to
the readers about the work already done & the
knowledge & ideas that have been already established
on a particular topic of research.
•
Literature review is a difficult task, but it is essential if
the research process is to be successful.
Key points of a literature review
•
Tell me what the research says
(Theory)
•
Tell me how the research was carried out
(Methodology)
•
Tell me what is missing or the gap that
research aim to fill
. (Research gap)
Types of Literature Review
On the purpose of research there are three main
types of literature review
1.
Evaluative Review
2.
Explorative Review
3.
Instrumental Review
1. Evaluative Review
Evaluative Review is a type of literature review
which focus on providing a discussion of the
literature in terms of its coverage and
contribution to knowledge in particular area.
It is often used to directly compare research
findings of a project with other when findings
are directly available.
2. Exploratory Review
This type of literature review which is seeking to
find out what actually exists in the academic
literature in terms of theory, empirical
evidence and research methods as they relate
to specific research topic and its related wider
subject area.
It is also used to sharpen, focus and identify
research questions that remain unanswered in
the specific topic.
3. Instrumental Review
This type of literature review which is seeking to
find out how to conduct some research on a
highly specific research problem.
It is not designed nor to identify the state of
current knowledge in an area but to identify
the best way to carry out a research without
acquire unnecessary and unavoidable cost.
Purpose of Literature Review
•
The purpose of a literature review is to convey
to the reader previous knowledge & facts
established on a topic, & their strength &
weakness.
•
The literature review allows the reader to be
updated with the state of research in a field &
any contradictions that may exist with
challenges findings of other research studies.
…Contd.
•
It helps to develop research investigative tools &
to improve research methodologies.
•
It also provide the knowledge about the
problems faced by the previous researchers’
while studying same topic.
•
Like put down a brick for building, Literature
review enables to continue the tradition solid and
to integrate past works and sources to the body
of knowledge and also to say something new
about them.
…Contd.
•
To identify gaps in theories
•
To compare ones findings/ results with that of
past studies and to place the work in the
context
•
To avoid duplication of work
Sources of Literature Review
•
Electronic Database
•
Books
•
Journals
•
News Papers and Magazines
•
Conference Proceedings
•
Theses/Dissertation
•
Dictionary and Encyclopedia
•
Research Reports
Points to be Considered for Review of
Literature
•
Be specific & be brief:
Briefly state specific
findings listed in an article, specific
methodologies used in a study, or other
important points. Literature reviews are not the
place for long quotes or in-depth analysis of each
point.
•
Be selective:
Researcher should narrow down a
lot of information into a small space for literature
review. Just the most important points (i.e. those
most relevant to the review’s focus) must be
mentioned in each work of review.
…Contd.
•
Focus of current topics:
Researcher needs to analyse
points such as if it is a current article, & if not, how old
it is: has its claims, evidence, or arguments been
superseded by more recent work; if it is not current,
then if it is important for historical background ; etc.
•
Ensure evidence for claims:
Researcher should focus
on what support is given for claims made in literature.
What evidence & what type of evidences are offered?
Is the evidence relevant & sufficient? What arguments
are given? What assumptions are made, & are they
warranted?
…Contd.
•
Focus on sources of evidences:
Researchers should
ensure the reliability of the sources of the evidence or
other information – if they are from author’s own
experiments, surveys, historical records, government
documents, etc. He should check how reliable those
sources are.
•
Reference citation:
Any references cited in the
literature review must be included in the bibliography.
The common practice is that the reviewer does not list
references in the bibliography that are not directly
cited in the literature review or elsewhere in the paper
/thesis.
…Contd.
•
Avoid abbreviations:
Avoid technical terms &
abbreviations.
•
Simple & accurate sentence structure:
A
researcher should use simple sentences &
must avoid errors of grammar & punctuation.
Literature review plays a crucial role in research by summarizing existing knowledge, theories, methodologies, and research gaps. Types include Evaluative, Exploratory, and Instrumental reviews, each serving a unique purpose. The main objective is to convey previous findings and establish a strong foundation for new research endeavors.
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Presentation Transcript
The Review of Literature (Read More to Learn More) Dr. Muhammad Ibrar
Introduction Review of literature is one of the most important steps in the research process. It is an account of what is already known about a particular phenomenon. The main purpose of literature review is to convey to the readers about the work already done & the knowledge & ideas that have been already established on a particular topic of research. Literature review is a difficult task, but it is essential if the research process is to be successful.
Key points of a literature review Tell me what the research says (Theory) Tell me how the research was carried out (Methodology) Tell me what is missing or the gap that research aim to fill. (Research gap)
Types of Literature Review On the purpose of research there are three main types of literature review 1. Evaluative Review 2. Explorative Review 3. Instrumental Review
1. Evaluative Review Evaluative Review is a type of literature review which focus on providing a discussion of the literature in terms of its coverage and contribution to knowledge in particular area. It is often used to directly compare research findings of a project with other when findings are directly available.
2. Exploratory Review This type of literature review which is seeking to find out what actually exists in the academic literature in terms evidence and research methods as they relate to specific research topic and its related wider subject area. It is also used to sharpen, focus and identify research questions that remain unanswered in the specific topic. of theory, empirical
3. Instrumental Review This type of literature review which is seeking to find out how to conduct some research on a highly specific research problem. It is not designed nor to identify the state of current knowledge in an area but to identify the best way to carry out a research without acquire unnecessary and unavoidable cost.
Purpose of Literature Review The purpose of a literature review is to convey to the reader previous knowledge & facts established on a topic, & their strength & weakness. The literature review allows the reader to be updated with the state of research in a field & any contradictions that may exist with challenges findings of other research studies.
Contd. It helps to develop research investigative tools & to improve research methodologies. It also provide the knowledge about the problems faced by the previous researchers while studying same topic. Like put down a brick for building, Literature review enables to continue the tradition solid and to integrate past works and sources to the body of knowledge and also to say something new about them.
Contd. To identify gaps in theories To compare ones findings/ results with that of past studies and to place the work in the context To avoid duplication of work
Sources of Literature Review Electronic Database Books Journals News Papers and Magazines Conference Proceedings Theses/Dissertation Dictionary and Encyclopedia Research Reports
Points to be Considered for Review of Literature Be specific & be brief: Briefly state specific findings listed in methodologies used important points. Literature reviews are not the place for long quotes or in-depth analysis of each point. Be selective: Researcher should narrow down a lot of information into a small space for literature review. Just the most important points (i.e. those most relevant to the review s focus) must be mentioned in each work of review. an article, study, specific other in a or
Contd. Focus of current topics: Researcher needs to analyse points such as if it is a current article, & if not, how old it is: has its claims, evidence, or arguments been superseded by more recent work; if it is not current, then if it is important for historical background ; etc. Ensure evidence for claims: Researcher should focus on what support is given for claims made in literature. What evidence & what type of evidences are offered? Is the evidence relevant & sufficient? What arguments are given? What assumptions are made, & are they warranted?
Contd. Focus on sources of evidences: Researchers should ensure the reliability of the sources of the evidence or other information if they are from author s own experiments, surveys, historical records, government documents, etc. He should check how reliable those sources are. Reference citation: Any references cited in the literature review must be included in the bibliography. The common practice is that the reviewer does not list references in the bibliography that are not directly cited in the literature review or elsewhere in the paper /thesis.
Contd. Avoid abbreviations: Avoid technical terms & abbreviations. Simple & accurate sentence structure: A researcher should use simple sentences & must avoid errors of grammar & punctuation.
