Trusses: Structural Units in Engineering

Introduction to
Trusses
What is a truss?
A truss is a structural unit made from
straight bars that form triangles
or other stable, rigid shapes.
The simplest form of a truss
is one single triangle.
 
A church ceiling
For roof
construction
Support for
elevated
train tracks
Tell me an example
of a truss you have seen.
What
makes up
a truss?
A truss is a series of straight bars that form
triangles or other stable, rigid shapes.
A truss is composed of:
Due to their geometry and rigidity, trusses can
distribute a single point of weight over a wider area.
structural members
joints or nodes
angles
polygons
What is the difference between
a planar truss and a space truss?
planar (simple) truss
Members and nodes in the 
2D plane 
Examples: 
bicycle frame, roofing, rafters
space truss
Members and nodes in the 
3D plane
Examples: 
bridges, transmission towers
Which is which?
pitched
(common)
truss
Howe truss
Many more truss designs
Engineering Terminology
Load
Applied weight or
force on a structure
Example: vehicles and
wind on a bridge
Structural Member
A physical piece of a
larger structure
Example: a steel beam
Compression and Tension
Pratt truss
Uses vertical members 
in 
compression 
and horizontal members 
in 
tension
Most efficient under vertical-loading compression
Truss in Compression and Tension
Have you ever walked across a simple footbridge made
of boards or a rope bridge and noticed how 
the bridge
changes shape (bends)
 as you walk across its center?
Deformation
Deformation
 
refers to
something that changes shape
when pressure is applied.
As we design and test trusses
today, w
e will apply weight (in
the form of books) to our
trusses and observe how the
angles deflect 
when subjected
to a 
load
.
We will measure some of the angles in our
truss—both before and after a load is
applied—in order to 
calculate the amount
of deflection
.
Engineers consider many factors in bridge
design, including the 
maximum load it can
support
 and 
how much deformation
 the
bridge materials can withstand before
breaking.
This bending of the bridge is called 
deformation
.
Your Engineering Design Challenge
You are going to
make a space truss!
Heptagon
 
 Octagon             Nonagon
 
            Decagon
Triangle
 
         Quadrilateral          Pentagon
 
             Hexagon
Choose from these regular polygons:
Example
Trusses
Data Collection
Sum of interior angles = (n-2)*180
n=number of sides in your polygon
Your Target Angles
Tagging and Measuring
Slide Note

Introduction to Trusses Presentation; Polygons, Angles and Trusses, Oh My! Lesson; TeachEngineering.org

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Trusses are fundamental structural units made of straight bars forming triangles or other stable shapes. They are versatile in applications like roof construction, supporting train tracks, and church ceilings. Comprising structural members, joints, angles, and polygons, trusses distribute weight effectively. Learn the difference between planar and space trusses, explore various truss designs, and grasp essential engineering terminology like load, compression, and tension.

  • Trusses
  • Structural Units
  • Engineering
  • Roof Construction
  • Bridges

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Presentation Transcript


  1. Introduction to Trusses

  2. What is a truss?

  3. A truss is a structural unit made from straight bars that form triangles or other stable, rigid shapes. The simplest form of a truss is one single triangle.

  4. For roof construction Support for elevated train tracks A church ceiling

  5. Tell me an example of a truss you have seen.

  6. What makes up a truss?

  7. A truss is a series of straight bars that form triangles or other stable, rigid shapes. A truss is composed of: structural members joints or nodes angles polygons Due to their geometry and rigidity, trusses can distribute a single point of weight over a wider area.

  8. What is the difference between a planar truss and a space truss?

  9. planar (simple) truss Members and nodes in the 2D plane Examples: bicycle frame, roofing, rafters space truss Members and nodes in the 3D plane Examples: bridges, transmission towers

  10. Which is which?

  11. Many more truss designs pitched (common) truss Howe truss

  12. Engineering Terminology Load Structural Member Applied weight or force on a structure A physical piece of a larger structure Example: vehicles and wind on a bridge Example: a steel beam

  13. Compression and Tension

  14. Truss in Compression and Tension Pratt truss Uses vertical members in compression and horizontal members in tension Most efficient under vertical-loading compression

  15. Have you ever walked across a simple footbridge made of boards or a rope bridge and noticed how the bridge changes shape (bends) as you walk across its center?

  16. Deformation This bending of the bridge is called deformation. Deformation refers to something that changes shape when pressure is applied. We will measure some of the angles in our truss both before and after a load is applied in order to calculate the amount of deflection. As we design and test trusses today, we will apply weight (in the form of books) to our trusses and observe how the angles deflect when subjected to a load. Engineers consider many factors in bridge design, including the maximum load it can support and how much deformation the bridge materials can withstand before breaking.

  17. Your Engineering Design Challenge You are going to make a space truss!

  18. Choose from these regular polygons: Triangle Quadrilateral Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon Octagon Nonagon Decagon

  19. Example Trusses

  20. Data Collection

  21. Sum of interior angles = (n-2)*180 n=number of sides in your polygon

  22. Tagging and Measuring Your Target Angles

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