The Significance of Microbiology in Health Sciences and Beyond
CLS 311 Basic
CLS 311 Basic
Microbiology
Microbiology
INSTRUCTOR
INSTRUCTOR
Mrs. Ohoud Alhumaidan
Mrs. Ohoud Alhumaidan
Reference :
Reference :
Burton's Microbiology for the Health
Burton's Microbiology for the Health
Sciences
Sciences
By Paul G Engelkirk, Janet Duben-Engelkirk –
By Paul G Engelkirk, Janet Duben-Engelkirk –
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2010), Ninth
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2010), Ninth
Edition.
Edition.
Microbiology
Microbiology
Biology
Biology
.
.
Micro
Micro
Microbiology
Microbiology
is the study of very small living
is the study of very small living
organisms
organisms
Microorganisms are
Microorganisms are
EITHER
EITHER
Pathogens OR Non-pathogens.
Pathogens OR Non-pathogens.
Why Should We Study Microbiology?
Why Should We Study Microbiology?
Microorganisms living on and inside us are 10
Microorganisms living on and inside us are 10
times more than the no. of our cells. These
times more than the no. of our cells. These
microorganisms are called Normal Flora (
microorganisms are called Normal Flora (
indigenous microflora)
indigenous microflora)
opportunistic pathogens ??
opportunistic pathogens ??
Microorganisms are part of the food chain as tiny
Microorganisms are part of the food chain as tiny
animals feed on them. Others are involved in
animals feed on them. Others are involved in
elemental cycles like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur
elemental cycles like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur
Why Should We Study Microbiology?
Why Should We Study Microbiology?
Many microorganisms are essential in various
food and beverage industries
Some bacteria and fungi used to produce
antibiotics
Microorganisms are essential in the field of
genetic engineering
Pioneers in the Science of Microbiology
Pioneers in the Science of Microbiology
1.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
2.
Louis Pasteur.
3.
Robert Koch.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
(Holland 1632-1723)
(Holland 1632-1723)
The father of microbiology:
The father of microbiology:
he is the first one to see living bacteria
he is the first one to see living bacteria
and protozoa.
and protozoa.
He was the first to create what is known today as “single lens
He was the first to create what is known today as “single lens
microscope” by grinding tiny glass lenses and putting them in metal
microscope” by grinding tiny glass lenses and putting them in metal
frames.
frames.
“single lens microscope
“single lens microscope
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur
(France 1822-1895)
(France 1822-1895)
Louis Pasteur (France 1822-1895)
Louis Pasteur (France 1822-1895)
1.
He discovered the process of alcohol fermentation.
He discovered the process of alcohol fermentation.
1.
Developed a process called
Developed a process called
Pasteurization
Pasteurization
.
.
1.
He discovered forms of life that can exist in the
He discovered forms of life that can exist in the
presence of oxygen called “aerobes” and ones that can
presence of oxygen called “aerobes” and ones that can
exist in the absence of oxygen “anaerobes”
exist in the absence of oxygen “anaerobes”
Louis Pasteur (France 1822-
Louis Pasteur (France 1822-
1895)
1895)
4. He discovered the infectious agent that affect
silk industry.
5. He made significant contribution to the germ
theory of disease
5. He developed vaccine for dog and human
rabies.
Robert Koch (Germany 1843-1910)
Robert Koch (Germany 1843-1910)
1.
He made significant contribution to the
germ theory of disease.
2.
He developed methods of fixing, staining,
and photographing bacteria.
3.
He developed methods for culturing bacteria
on solid media.
4. He discovered the bacterium (
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
) that cause tuberculosis and
Invented skin test to diagnose the Tb.
5. He discovered the bacterium (
Vibrio cholerae
)
that causes cholera.
Classification of Microorganism
Classification of Microorganism
Cellular
Acellular
Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
&
&
Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
Comparison between
Comparison between
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of classifying living
Taxonomy is the science of classifying living
organisms.
organisms.
Classification :
Classification :
The arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups
The arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups
(
(
taxa
taxa
) on the basis of similarities or relationships.
) on the basis of similarities or relationships.
The taxa include:
The taxa include:
Kingdom (5 major divisions)
Kingdom (5 major divisions)
Phylum (groups of related Classes)
Phylum (groups of related Classes)
Class (groups of related Orders)
Class (groups of related Orders)
Order (groups of related Families)
Order (groups of related Families)
Family (groups of related Genera)
Family (groups of related Genera)
Genus (groups of related Species)
Genus (groups of related Species)
Species (living organisms that are alike)
Species (living organisms that are alike)
T
T
h
h
e
e
F
F
i
i
v
v
e
e
K
K
i
i
n
n
g
g
d
d
o
o
m
m
s
s
1.
1.
Monera
Monera
(unicellular prokaryotes: bacteria,
(unicellular prokaryotes: bacteria,
cyanobacteria, blue-green algae
cyanobacteria, blue-green algae
2.
2.
Protista
Protista
(unicellular eukaryotes: protozoa,
(unicellular eukaryotes: protozoa,
unicellular algae, slime molds)
unicellular algae, slime molds)
3.
3.
Fungi
Fungi
(multicellular eukaryotes: molds,
(multicellular eukaryotes: molds,
mushrooms, yeasts)
mushrooms, yeasts)
4.
4.
Plantae
Plantae
(multicellular eukaryotes: plants)
(multicellular eukaryotes: plants)
5.
5.
Animalia
Animalia
(multicellular eukaryotes: animals)
(multicellular eukaryotes: animals)
Relationships between Organisms
Relationships between Organisms
Symbiosis
Symbiosis
Permanent association between two different organisms.
Permanent association between two different organisms.
There are several kinds of symbiosis
There are several kinds of symbiosis
Neutralism
Neutralism
Two organisms living together, and
Two organisms living together, and
neither is affected by that.
neither is affected by that.
Commensalism:
Commensalism:
Two organisms living together, one is benefited and the other is not
Two organisms living together, one is benefited and the other is not
been affected.
been affected.
Mutualism
Mutualism
Two organisms living together, and both benefit from that.
Two organisms living together, and both benefit from that.
Parasitism:
Parasitism:
Two organisms living together, one is benefited ‘’called parasite’’ and
Two organisms living together, one is benefited ‘’called parasite’’ and
the other is harmed ‘’called host’’.
the other is harmed ‘’called host’’.
Synergism:
Synergism:
Sometimes, two (or more) microorganism may work together “team
Sometimes, two (or more) microorganism may work together “team
up” to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.
up” to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.
Microbiology plays a crucial role in understanding small living organisms, including pathogens and non-pathogens. Studying microbiology is essential due to the prevalence of microorganisms in our body, their role in the food chain, and their applications in various industries like food, beverage, antibiotic production, and genetic engineering. The history of microbiology showcases pioneers like Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and Louis Pasteur, who made significant contributions to the field.
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Presentation Transcript
Reference : Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences By Paul G Engelkirk, Janet Duben-Engelkirk Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2010), Ninth Edition.
Microbiology Biology . Micro Microbiology organisms is the study of very small living Microorganisms are EITHER Pathogens OR Non-pathogens.
Why Should We Study Microbiology? Microorganisms living on and inside us are 10 times more than the no. of our cells. These microorganisms are called Normal Flora ( indigenous microflora) opportunistic pathogens ?? Microorganisms are part of the food chain as tiny animals feed on them. Others are involved in elemental cycles like carbon, nitrogen, sulfur
Why Should We Study Microbiology? Many microorganisms are essential in various food and beverage industries Some bacteria and fungi used to produce antibiotics Microorganisms are essential in the field of genetic engineering
Pioneers in the Science of Microbiology 1.Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. 2.Louis Pasteur. 3.Robert Koch.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (Holland 1632-1723) The father of microbiology: he is the first one to see living bacteria and protozoa. He was the first to create what is known today as single lens microscope by grinding tiny glass lenses and putting them in metal frames.
Louis Pasteur (France 1822-1895) 1. He discovered the process of alcohol fermentation. 1. Developed a process called Pasteurization . 1. He discovered forms of life that can exist in the presence of oxygen called aerobes and ones that can exist in the absence of oxygen anaerobes
Louis Pasteur (France 1822- 1895) 4. He discovered the infectious agent that affect silk industry. 5. He made significant contribution to the germ theory of disease 5. He developed vaccine for dog and human rabies.
Robert Koch (Germany 1843-1910) 1. He made significant contribution to the germ theory of disease. 2. He developed methods of fixing, staining, and photographing bacteria. 3. He developed methods for culturing bacteria on solid media. 4. He discovered the bacterium (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that cause tuberculosis and Invented skin test to diagnose the Tb. 5. He discovered the bacterium (Vibrio cholerae) that causes cholera.
Classification of Microorganism Cellular Acellular Prokaryotes Eukaryote s ex. Viruses. ex. Algae, protozoa, fungi, plants, animals, and humans. ex. Bacteria
Comparison between Eukaryotic and prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell Plant animal Prokaryotic Cell Biological distribution Nuclear Membrane Membranous structures other than cell membrane Cytoplasmic ribosome's (density) Cell wall chromosomes
Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of classifying living organisms. Classification : The arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups (taxa) on the basis of similarities or relationships. The taxa include: Kingdom (5 major divisions) Phylum (groups of related Classes) Class (groups of related Orders) Order (groups of related Families) Family (groups of related Genera) Genus (groups of related Species) Species (living organisms that are alike)
The Five Kingdoms 1. Monera (unicellular prokaryotes: bacteria, cyanobacteria, blue-green algae 2. Protista (unicellular eukaryotes: protozoa, unicellular algae, slime molds) 3. Fungi (multicellular eukaryotes: molds, mushrooms, yeasts) 4. Plantae (multicellular eukaryotes: plants) 5. Animalia (multicellular eukaryotes: animals)
Relationships between Organisms Symbiosis Permanent association between two different organisms. There are several kinds of symbiosis Neutralism Two organisms living together, andneither is affected by that. Commensalism: Two organisms living together, one is benefited and the other is not been affected. Mutualism Two organisms living together, and both benefit from that. Parasitism: Two organisms living together, one is benefited called parasite and the other is harmed called host . Synergism: Sometimes, two (or more) microorganism may work together team up to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself.
