The Impact of the Red River Rebellion on Canadian History

 
The Red River
Rebellion Concludes
 
 
The Provisional Government of Riel
 
After capturing Fort Garry, the
Metis created a 
provisional
government
Riel intended it to only hold
power until 
Rupert’s Land
officially transferred to 
Canada
on December 1
st
, 1869
Riel feared that if 
William
McDougall
 was allowed to take
power, he would grant all
power to the 
Ontarian
 
settlers
and leave the Metis 
powerless
Canada Responds
 
In response
, John A. MacDonald 
sent an HBC
representative named Donald Smith to attempt to
negotiate
 with the Metis
Smith’s meeting with the Metis resulted in the
Metis Bill of Rights
, which three Metis took to
Ottawa to begin negotiating for the creation of
their own 
province
However, MacDonald had no intention of
recognizing
 the Metis demands in full at this point
“Smith goes to carry an olive branch. We must not
think of military force until peaceable means have
been exhausted. Should these miserable half-
breeds not disband, they must be put down.”
What do these actions and this quote tell you
about MacDonald’s point of view?
 
 
 
The Canadian Party
 
John Christian Schultz 
and several other
Canadian Party 
prisoners managed to escape Fort
Garry
They attempted to rescue the remaining prisoners,
but the 
battle
 resulted in several Canadian Party
members being 
recaptured
The most significant of these was 
Thomas Scott
How did the video describe him?
 
The Case of Thomas Scott
 
While imprisoned, Scott repeatedly 
insulted
 and 
attacked
 his guards
He frequently made 
anti-Metis statements
, and most significantly he threatened
to escape and
 kill 
Louis Riel
Even his fellow Canadian Party prisoners asked to be moved to different cells
due to his aggression
Riel then appoints a 
tribunal 
to put Scott on trial
He is convicted of 
insubordination
, attacking his guards, and threatening Riel
Scott is sentenced to 
death by firing squad
, and is
 executed 
on March 4, 1870
 
Effects of Scott’s Execution
 
The Metis believed the worst had passed; they believed that the party bringing
their demands to Ottawa would result in the creation of a province where their
rights would be respected; 
Manitoba
However, after 
John Schultz 
had escaped, he had returned to 
Ontario
 and had
begun to portray Scott as a Protestant 
martyr
 who the Metis had cruelly
murdered
In Ontario, this caused 
outrage
 amongst the 
English
-speaking 
Protestant
population, who called for his arrest and execution
But in 
Quebec
, Riel gained more 
sympathy
 because he was believed to be
standing up for the rights of 
French
-speakers
 
“The Tragedy at Fort Garry”
 
Looking at this illustration, what
stands out to you? Where do you
think it was published? What do you
think the artist is trying to say about
what happened and how?
Manitoba joins
Confederacy
 
When the 
Metis delegation 
finally
arrived in Ottawa, it was difficult for
them to simply plead their case before the
government; they initially 
arrested
They were later released and pled their
case in late April to the government
Despite his earlier comments,
MacDonald’
s government ended up
approving 
Manitoba's
 admission into
Canada and many of the 
Metis demands
Among these were both 
French and
English
 as official languages and both
Catholic and Protestan
t Public schools
But they were unable to secure a 
pardon
for Riel or the provincial control over
public lands
 
Why do you think the Metis could not
secure a pardon for Riel or control of land?
 
Riel flees (for now)
 
MacDonald could not afford to lose 
support
 in Ontario, so he organized a force of
1200 soldiers called the 
Wolseley Expedition
The force was a mix of 
British
 soldiers and volunteers from 
Ontario and Quebec
Officially, they were to keep order in Red River until the province could 
elect
 an
official 
government
But they were also there to put down any 
armed resistance 
that remained and
capture
 Riel if possible
Fearing for his life, Riel fled to the 
United States
 before the troops arrived, where he
would remain for the next 
15 years
When the troops arrived, Fort Garry was already 
abandoned
The British soldiers tried and keep order, but the 
Ontario
 volunteers harassed and
attacked the local Metis
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The Red River Rebellion of 1869-1870 marked a pivotal moment in Canadian history, with Louis Riel leading the Metis in establishing a provisional government in response to fears of losing their power to settlers. John A. MacDonald's response, the execution of Thomas Scott, and the aftermath of Scott's death all played significant roles in shaping the outcome of the rebellion and its implications on the creation of the province of Manitoba.


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  1. The Red River Rebellion Concludes

  2. The Provisional Government of Riel After capturing Fort Garry, the Metis created a provisional government Riel intended it to only hold power until Rupert s Land officially transferred to Canada on December 1st, 1869 Riel feared that if William McDougall was allowed to take power, he would grant all power to the Ontarian settlers and leave the Metis powerless

  3. Canada Responds In response, John A. MacDonald sent an HBC representative named Donald Smith to attempt to negotiate with the Metis Smith s meeting with the Metis resulted in the Metis Bill of Rights, which three Metis took to Ottawa to begin negotiating for the creation of their own province However, MacDonald had no intention of recognizing the Metis demands in full at this point Smith goes to carry an olive branch. We must not think of military force until peaceable means have been exhausted. Should these miserable half- breeds not disband, they must be put down. What do these actions and this quote tell you about MacDonald s point of view?

  4. The Canadian Party John Christian Schultz and several other Canadian Party prisoners managed to escape Fort Garry They attempted to rescue the remaining prisoners, but the battle resulted in several Canadian Party members being recaptured The most significant of these was Thomas Scott How did the video describe him?

  5. The Case of Thomas Scott While imprisoned, Scott repeatedly insulted and attacked his guards He frequently made anti-Metis statements, and most significantly he threatened to escape and kill Louis Riel Even his fellow Canadian Party prisoners asked to be moved to different cells due to his aggression Riel then appoints a tribunal to put Scott on trial He is convicted of insubordination, attacking his guards, and threatening Riel Scott is sentenced to death by firing squad, and is executed on March 4, 1870

  6. Effects of Scotts Execution The Metis believed the worst had passed; they believed that the party bringing their demands to Ottawa would result in the creation of a province where their rights would be respected; Manitoba However, after John Schultz had escaped, he had returned to Ontario and had begun to portray Scott as a Protestant martyr who the Metis had cruelly murdered In Ontario, this caused outrage amongst the English-speaking Protestant population, who called for his arrest and execution But in Quebec, Riel gained more sympathy because he was believed to be standing up for the rights of French-speakers

  7. The Tragedy at Fort Garry Looking at this illustration, what stands out to you? Where do you think it was published? What do you think the artist is trying to say about what happened and how?

  8. Manitoba joins Confederacy When the Metis delegation finally arrived in Ottawa, it was difficult for them to simply plead their case before the government; they initially arrested They were later released and pled their case in late April to the government Despite his earlier comments, MacDonald s government ended up approving Manitoba's admission into Canada and many of the Metis demands Among these were both French and English as official languages and both Catholic and Protestant Public schools But they were unable to secure a pardon for Riel or the provincial control over public lands Why do you think the Metis could not secure a pardon for Riel or control of land?

  9. Riel flees (for now) MacDonald could not afford to lose support in Ontario, so he organized a force of 1200 soldiers called the Wolseley Expedition The force was a mix of British soldiers and volunteers from Ontario and Quebec Officially, they were to keep order in Red River until the province could elect an official government But they were also there to put down any armed resistance that remained and capture Riel if possible Fearing for his life, Riel fled to the United States before the troops arrived, where he would remain for the next 15 years When the troops arrived, Fort Garry was already abandoned The British soldiers tried and keep order, but the Ontario volunteers harassed and attacked the local Metis

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