The Hypothesis in Scientific Research
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What is a Hypothesis?
How does a hypothesis begin?
What do you do with it?
How do you make one?
How does a hypothesis begin?
Scientists make lots of observations. This
leads them to form scientific questions
about what they have observed. Each
scientist creates an explanation – or
hypothesis – that he or she thinks will
answer the question.
How does a hypothesis begin?
A scientist bases his/her hypothesis both on
what he or she has observed, and on what
he or she already knows to be true.
Making a hypothesis is a step in
the Scientific Method
The 7 basic steps of the scientific method:
The 7 basic steps of the scientific method:
1.
Asking a question
Asking a question
2.
Completing research
Completing research
3.
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Planning an investigation
Planning an investigation
5.
Recording and analyzing data
Recording and analyzing data
6.
Explaining the data
Explaining the data
7.
Communicating the results
Communicating the results
Example question
A scientist notices that the tomato plant closest
to her neighbor’s yard is much taller than any of
the other plants in her garden bed. She also
notices that the neighbor turns on his sprinkler
system every day, and that some of this water
reaches only her big plant. The scientist creates
a question: Does daily watering from a sprinkler
make a tomato plant grow faster than other
tomato plants?
Example hypothesis
The scientist creates this hypothesis to
The scientist creates this hypothesis to
address her question: “
address her question: “
If
If
I water the
I water the
tomatoes in my garden daily
tomatoes in my garden daily
then
then
they will
they will
grow faster
grow faster
because
because
tomatoes grow more
tomatoes grow more
when they get more water.”
when they get more water.”
What do you do with a hypothesis?
The hypothesis that a scientist creates leads
him or her to make a prediction that can
be tested next in an investigation.
What do you do with a hypothesis?
Notice how the example scientist’s
Notice how the example scientist’s
hypothesis makes a prediction that can be
hypothesis makes a prediction that can be
tested:
tested:
“If I water the tomatoes in my garden
“If I water the tomatoes in my garden
daily then they will grow faster because
daily then they will grow faster because
tomatoes grow more when they get more
tomatoes grow more when they get more
water.”
water.”
What will the scientist do in the
What will the scientist do in the
investigation to test her hypothesis?
investigation to test her hypothesis?
A hypothesis is not just a prediction
In science a prediction is an educated
guess about the expected outcome of a
specific test
In science a hypothesis goes further
A hypothesis includes a possible
explanation about why the expected
outcome of a test will occur
Prediction vs. hypothesis
Example Prediction: If it gets cold outside
the leaves will change colors.
Example Hypothesis: If it gets cold
outside then the leaves will change color
because leaf color change is related to
temperature.
How do you write a hypothesis?
A good hypothesis includes two parts:
A good hypothesis includes two parts:
1. a prediction about the outcome of a
1. a prediction about the outcome of a
scientific investigation
scientific investigation
----and----
----and----
2. an explanation for why those results
2. an explanation for why those results
will occur
will occur
How do you write a hypothesis?
A hypothesis is worded as a prediction
A hypothesis is worded as a prediction
about what will happen if you change
about what will happen if you change
something
something
Example
Example
:
:
If students eat a lot of candy
If students eat a lot of candy
then they will get more cavities because
then they will get more cavities because
sugar on teeth causes cavities.
sugar on teeth causes cavities.
How do you write a hypothesis?
A good hypothesis is worded like this:
A good hypothesis is worded like this:
If…..then…...because……
If…..then…...because……
.
.
Hypothesis example
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If….then….because….
If….then….because….
After the word
After the word
“If”
“If”
… explain what will
… explain what will
change in the investigation
change in the investigation
After the word
After the word
“then”
“then”
…write what you
…write what you
predict will happen as a result of that
predict will happen as a result of that
change
change
After the word
After the word
“because”
“because”
…explain why
…explain why
you think the result will happen
you think the result will happen
Another hypotheses
If
salt is added to a plant’s soil
then
the
plant will die
because
salt will dry out the
soil so that there is not enough water left
for the plant.
Another Hypothesis
If
people spend more time in the sun
then
they will be more likely to get skin cancer
because
exposure to ultraviolet light in
sunlight causes skin cancer.
A hypothesis in scientific research is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on observations and existing knowledge. Scientists use hypotheses to formulate testable predictions and guide their investigations. This process is a fundamental step in the scientific method, involving asking questions, conducting research, making hypotheses, planning investigations, analyzing data, explaining results, and communicating findings.
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Presentation Transcript
What is a Hypothesis? How does a hypothesis begin? What do you do with it? How do you make one?
How does a hypothesis begin? Scientists make lots of observations. This leads them to form scientific questions about what they have observed. Each scientist creates an explanation or hypothesis that he or she thinks will answer the question.
How does a hypothesis begin? A scientist bases his/her hypothesis both on what he or she has observed, and on what he or she already knows to be true.
Making a hypothesis is a step in the Scientific Method The 7 basic steps of the scientific method: 1. Asking a question 2. Completing research 3. Making a hypothesis 4. Planning an investigation 5. Recording and analyzing data 6. Explaining the data 7. Communicating the results
Example question A scientist notices that the tomato plant closest to her neighbor s yard is much taller than any of the other plants in her garden bed. She also notices that the neighbor turns on his sprinkler system every day, and that some of this water reaches only her big plant. The scientist creates a question: Does daily watering from a sprinkler make a tomato plant grow faster than other tomato plants?
Example hypothesis The scientist creates this hypothesis to address her question: If I water the tomatoes in my garden daily then they will grow faster because tomatoes grow more when they get more water.
What do you do with a hypothesis? The hypothesis that a scientist creates leads him or her to make a prediction that can be tested next in an investigation.
What do you do with a hypothesis? Notice how the example scientist s hypothesis makes a prediction that can be tested: If I water the tomatoes in my garden daily then they will grow faster because tomatoes grow more when they get more water. What will the scientist do in the investigation to test her hypothesis?
A hypothesis is not just a prediction In science a prediction is an educated guess about the expected outcome of a specific test In science a hypothesis goes further A hypothesis includes a possible explanation about why the expected outcome of a test will occur
Prediction vs. hypothesis Example Prediction: If it gets cold outside the leaves will change colors. Example Hypothesis: If it gets cold outside then the leaves will change color because leaf color change is related to temperature.
How do you write a hypothesis? A good hypothesis includes two parts: 1. a prediction about the outcome of a scientific investigation ----and---- 2. an explanation for why those results will occur
How do you write a hypothesis? A hypothesis is worded as a prediction about what will happen if you change something Example: If students eat a lot of candy then they will get more cavities because sugar on teeth causes cavities.
How do you write a hypothesis? A good hypothesis is worded like this: If ..then ...because .
Hypothesis example If students eat a lot of chocolate then they will get a sick stomach because a lot of chocolate all at once is hard for the stomach to digest.
If.then.because. After the word If explain what will change in the investigation After the word then write what you predict will happen as a result of that change After the word because explain why you think the result will happen
Another hypotheses If salt is added to a plant s soil then the plant will die because salt will dry out the soil so that there is not enough water left for the plant.
Another Hypothesis If people spend more time in the sun then they will be more likely to get skin cancer because exposure to ultraviolet light in sunlight causes skin cancer.
