Taxonomy and Classification Systems
How would you classify the
things found in a closet or a
garage or a classroom?
Must be ½ page
Name and Date!!
Let’s Have Some Order Around Here!
T
A
X
O
N
O
M
Y
–
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
y
i
n
g
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
i
s
m
s
a
n
d
a
s
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
e
a
c
h
a
n
a
m
e
.
…NOT to be confused
with this…
Why Classify?
In order to name and group organisms in a
logical
manner
It is a
cougar.
**It’s a
kitty!!!**
Puma concolor
T
A
X
O
N
O
M
Y
–
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
y
i
n
g
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
i
s
m
s
a
n
d
a
s
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
e
a
c
h
a
n
a
m
e
.
Who decided? And How?
Grouped based on where they live?
Based on what their reproductive organs look like
(plants)?
Should it be a long name?
Should it be a Latin name?
WILD BRIAR ROSE
Rosa sylvestris inodora seu canina
Rosa sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro
......
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
•
B
i
n
o
m
i
a
l
N
o
m
e
n
c
l
a
t
u
r
e
-
t
w
o
w
o
r
d
n
a
m
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
t
h
e
g
e
n
u
s
a
n
d
s
p
e
c
i
e
s
•
Always typed in
italics
•
Underlined when
written
Rosa
canina
Rosa
canina
Rosa
canina
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus
When written or typed the
G
enus is always
C
apitalized
and the species is not
LINNEAUS’ CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
K
ingdom
P
hylum
C
lass
O
rder
F
amily
G
enus
S
pecies
K
ids
P
laying
C
atch
O
n
F
reeways
G
o
S
plat
Grizzly bear
Black bear
Giant panda
Red fox
Abert
squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
K
I
N
G
D
O
M
A
n
i
m
a
l
i
a
P
H
Y
L
U
M
C
h
o
r
d
a
t
a
C
L
A
S
S
M
a
m
m
a
l
i
a
O
R
D
E
R
C
a
r
n
i
v
o
r
a
F
A
M
I
L
Y
U
r
s
i
d
a
e
G
E
N
U
S
U
r
s
u
s
S
P
E
C
I
E
S
U
r
s
u
s
a
r
c
t
o
s
Domains- the three largest
groups of living organisms
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
A
l
l
t
h
r
e
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
h
a
v
e
c
e
l
l
s
w
i
t
h
v
e
r
y
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
.
PROKARYOTES
thought to be one group
BUT BIG Difference in
these domains
What puts an organism in its domain are the
CHARACTERISTICS of its CELLS.
3 Domain System
D
o
m
a
i
n
s
Still kept the 6 Kingdom
System…
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
BIGGEST
KINGDOM =
Most diverse
and has most
organisms in it
Kingdoms and Domains
D
O
M
A
I
N
KINGDOM
C
E
L
L
T
Y
P
E
C
E
L
L
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
S
N
U
M
B
E
R
O
F
C
E
L
L
S
M
O
D
E
O
F
N
U
T
R
I
T
I
O
N
E
X
A
M
P
L
E
S
B
a
c
t
e
r
i
a
E
u
b
a
c
t
e
r
i
a
Prokaryote
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Streptococcus,
Escherichia coli
A
r
c
h
a
e
a
A
r
c
h
a
e
b
a
c
t
e
r
i
a
Prokaryote
Cell walls
without
peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Methanogens,
halophiles
P
r
o
t
i
s
t
a
Eukaryote
Cell walls of
cellulose in
some; some
have
chloroplasts
Most unicellular;
some colonial;
some
multicellular
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Amoeba,
Paramecium,
slime molds,
giant kelp
F
u
n
g
i
Eukaryote
Cell walls of
chitin
Most
multicellular;
some
unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms,
yeasts
P
l
a
n
t
a
e
Eukaryote
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
Multicellular
Autotroph
Mosses, ferns,
flowering
plants
A
n
i
m
a
l
i
a
Eukaryote
No cell walls
or chloroplasts
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Sponges,
worms,
insects, fishes,
mammals
E
u
k
a
r
y
a
C
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
L
i
v
i
n
g
T
h
i
n
g
s
Now Biologists classify KINGDOMS under their appropriate
DOMAIN based on characteristics of the CELLS they are made
up of. HINT: THIS IS ON PAGE 459.
Dichotomous Key
A tool for biologists to classify and name organisms.
A series of paired statements that describe
characteristics of different organisms.
Used by ecologists to track the population size and
diversity of an ecosystem.
Environmental scientists can use this data to analyze
the health of the ecosystems in the area.
Using a Dichotomous Key
Study the paired statements of the leaf dichotomous
key.
Label each leaf with a partner using the dichotomous
key.
Try it on your own…
•
Look at the list of paired statements in the
salamander dichotomous key.
•
Use the key to fill out data table 1 and answer
the questions. When you are done hand it in.
Constructing a dichotomous key
Arrowhead
Bellwort
Trillium
Clover
Violet
May Apple
CHALLENGE:
Explore the world of taxonomy, classification, and binomial nomenclature through the works of Carl Linnaeus. From organizing items in closets to grouping organisms in a logical manner, discover the importance of naming and categorizing in a structured and systematic way.
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Presentation Transcript
How would you classify the things found in a closet or a garage or a classroom? Must be page Name and Date!!
TAXONOMY the classifying of organisms and assigning each a name. NOT to be confused with this
TAXONOMY the classifying of organisms and assigning each a name. Why Classify? In order to name and group organisms in a logical manner It is a cougar. **It s a kitty!!!** Puma concolor
Who decided? And How? Grouped based on where they live? Based on what their reproductive organs look like (plants)? Should it be a long name? Should it be a Latin name? WILD BRIAR ROSE Rosa sylvestris inodora seu canina Rosa sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro......
We needed a hero Carl Linnaeus aka Carolus Linnaeus aka Carl von Linne aka Carl Binomial Nomenclature- two word naming system, the genus and species Always typed in italics Underlined when written http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
The biologists around the world now accept this binomial (two names) system of scientific names! Rosa canina Rosa canina Rosa canina
Ursus maritimus Ursus arctos When written or typed the Genus is always Capitalized and the species is not
LINNEAUS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kids Playing Catch On Freeways Go Splat
Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIESUrsus arctos
Domains- the three largest groups of living organisms Eukarya PROKARYOTES thought to be one group BUT BIG Difference in these domains All three of these have cells with very different characteristics. Archaea Bacteria What puts an organism in its domain are the CHARACTERISTICS of its CELLS.
3 Domain System File:Phylogenetic tree.svg Domains
Still kept the 6 Kingdom System Animalia Plantae Fungi BIGGEST KINGDOM = Most diverse and has most organisms in it Protista Archaebacteria Eubacteria
Kingdoms and Domains Classification of Living Things DOMAIN Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia KINGDOM Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote CELL TYPE Cell walls with peptidoglycan Cell walls without peptidoglycan Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Cell walls of chitin Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts No cell walls or chloroplasts CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Most multicellular; some unicellular Multicellular Multicellular Unicellular Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph MODE OF NUTRITION Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Methanogens, halophiles Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Mushrooms, yeasts EXAMPLES Now Biologists classify KINGDOMS under their appropriate DOMAIN based on characteristics of the CELLS they are made up of. HINT: THIS IS ON PAGE 459.
Dichotomous Key A tool for biologists to classify and name organisms. A series of paired statements that describe characteristics of different organisms. Used by ecologists to track the population size and diversity of an ecosystem. Environmental scientists can use this data to analyze the health of the ecosystems in the area.
Using a Dichotomous Key Study the paired statements of the leaf dichotomous key. Label each leaf with a partner using the dichotomous key. Try it on your own Look at the list of paired statements in the salamander dichotomous key. Use the key to fill out data table 1 and answer the questions. When you are done hand it in.
Constructing a dichotomous key Bellwort Arrowhead Clover May Apple Violet Trillium
