Symbiotic Relationships in Nature
Relationships in Nature
BIO108
Symbiosis
•
Living together
•
A partnership
•
Two different species
•
Both partners benefit
– mutual benefit
Animal Kingdom
•
Nile crocodile & crocodile bird
•
Hermit crab & sea anemone
•
Buffalo & oxpecker
•
Shark & remora fish
Crocodile & Bird
•
Nile crocodile
–
Usually eats animals
–
Allows bird to walk around its mouth
•
Crocodile bird
–
Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth
–
Removes and eats scraps of food
–
Eats harmful leeches and parasites
Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone
•
Hermit crab
–
protects the crab
•
Sea anemone
–
Gets leftover food
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Buffalo & Oxpecker
•
Buffalo
–
Lets the bird eat
•
Oxpecker
–
Eats ticks and other parasites off skin
–
Warns buffalo of danger
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html
Shark and Remora Fish
•
Shark
–
Lets the fish eat
•
Remora Fish
–
Eats parasites
–
Gets the shark’s leftovers
Lichen
•
Slow growing plants
•
Partnership: fungi & algae
•
Neither could live alone
Relationships
•
Phoresis
•
Commensalism
•
Mutualism
•
Parasitism
Phoresis
•
Loose association
•
One organism is smaller than other
•
Larger organism used for transport
•
Dung beetles and cow dung
Commensalism
•
“eating together at the same table”
•
Only one member benefits
–
sharing space, defense, shelter, food
•
Neither will die if relationship is ended
•
Shrimp & sea cucumber
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Mutualism
•
Both organisms derive mutual benefit
•
Intimate and obligatory
•
Neither can survive without the other
•
Example – host and parasite
•
Tickbirds and rhinos
•
Clownfish & sea anemone
Parasitism
•
Not symbiotic
•
Causes harm to host
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Notes:
Relationships can be found throughout nature:
Dependent and Independent
Beneficial and Harmful
Hosts and Parasites
Questions:
• This rhino is in a variety of relationships some obvious and some less visible.
• 1) Can you name any of these partnerships?
• 2) What the purpose of the relationship?
• 3) Who does it harm or help?
Explore the fascinating world of symbiosis through various examples like the partnership between a Nile crocodile and a crocodile bird, the mutual benefit of a buffalo and an oxpecker bird, and the intricate connection between a hermit crab and a sea anemone. Discover how different species coexist and thrive together in the animal kingdom, showcasing nature's remarkable interdependence.
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Presentation Transcript
Relationships in Nature BIO108
Symbiosis Living together A partnership Two different species Both partners benefit mutual benefit
Animal Kingdom Nile crocodile & crocodile bird Hermit crab & sea anemone Buffalo & oxpecker Shark & remora fish
Crocodile & Bird Nile crocodile Usually eats animals Allows bird to walk around its mouth Crocodile bird Cleans parasites in croc s teeth Removes and eats scraps of food Eats harmful leeches and parasites
Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone Hermit crab protects the crab Sea anemone Gets leftover food http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Buffalo & Oxpecker Buffalo Lets the bird eat Oxpecker Eats ticks and other parasites off skin Warns buffalo of danger http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html
Shark and Remora Fish Shark Lets the fish eat Remora Fish Eats parasites Gets the shark s leftovers
Lichen Slow growing plants Partnership: fungi & algae Neither could live alone
Relationships Phoresis Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism
Phoresis Loose association One organism is smaller than other Larger organism used for transport Dung beetles and cow dung
Commensalism eating together at the same table Only one member benefits sharing space, defense, shelter, food Neither will die if relationship is ended Shrimp & sea cucumber http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
Mutualism Both organisms derive mutual benefit Intimate and obligatory Neither can survive without the other Example host and parasite Tickbirds and rhinos Clownfish & sea anemone
Parasitism Not symbiotic Causes harm to host
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