Structure of Eggs in Poultry Management
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Poultry management
First stage
Assistant Lecturer
Sara S. Mohammed
Structure
of
Egg
The
egg
consists
of
:-
1)
y
o
l
k
.
2)
a
l
b
u
m
e
n
o
r
e
g
g
w
h
i
t
e
.
3)
s
h
e
l
l
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
.
4)
s
h
e
l
l
.
1)
Yolk:
A
r
o
u
n
d
e
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
i
s
h
c
o
l
o
r
e
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
a
t
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
e
r
o
f
e
g
g
,
i
t
i
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
e
g
g
y
o
l
k
a
n
d
i
s
e
n
c
l
o
s
e
d
b
y
a
t
h
i
n
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
c
a
l
l
e
d
v
i
t
e
l
l
i
n
e
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
o
l
o
r
l
e
s
s
.
It
accounts
for
about
31
%
of
the
total
egg
weight.
Germinal
Disk:
A
s
m
a
l
l
,
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
,
w
h
i
t
e
s
p
o
t
(
3
-
4
m
m
)
o
n
t
h
e
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
y
o
l
k
,
i
t
’
s
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
s
p
e
r
m
e
n
t
e
r
s
t
h
e
y
o
l
k
,
a
n
d
i
t
’
s
c
a
l
l
e
d
b
l
a
s
t
o
d
e
r
m
i
n
f
e
r
t
i
l
e
e
g
g
a
n
d
b
l
a
s
t
o
d
i
s
c
i
n
i
n
f
e
r
t
i
l
e
e
g
g
.
2)
Albumen
or
Egg
White
:
The
albumen
accounts
for
about
58%
of
the
total
egg
weight.
The
albumen
consists
of
two
layers:
a)
o
u
t
e
r
t
h
i
n
w
h
i
t
e
.
b)
i
n
n
e
r
t
h
i
c
k
w
h
i
t
e
.
this
i
s
also
known
as
layer,
known
as
The
inn
e
r
t
hick
w
hi
t
e
la
y
er
of
album
e
n
(
c
h
a
l
a
z
i
f
e
r
o
u
s
l
a
y
e
r
)
.
Two
thick
spiral
band
are
emerged
from
c
h
a
l
a
z
a
e
.
Chal
a
zae:
T
w
o
t
h
i
c
k
s
p
i
r
a
l
b
a
n
d
a
r
e
e
m
e
r
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
c
h
a
l
a
z
i
f
e
r
o
u
s
l
a
y
e
r
.
T
h
e
y
a
r
e
j
o
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
y
o
l
k
t
o
t
h
e
e
n
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
h
e
l
l
t
o
h
o
l
d
t
h
e
y
o
l
k
i
n
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
g
g
.
Prominent
chalazae
indicate
high
quality
egg
(fresher
the
egg).
3)
Shell
Membrane
t
w
o
s
h
e
l
l
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
s
o
u
t
e
r
s
h
e
l
l
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
a
n
d
i
n
n
e
r
s
h
e
l
l
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e
.
They
f
o
rm
a
p
rot
e
ctive
b
arrier
a
gainst
bacteria.
and
shell
a
bout
11
%
membranes
of
t
o
tal
e
g
g
The
shell
constitute
weight.
Air
Cell:
It
is
the
of
air
formed
at
the
large end
of the
egg.
This
is
caused
by
the contraction
of the
contents
on
cooling
after
the
egg
is
laid.
The
air
cell
increases
with
the
age
of
the
egg
as
there
is
considerable
amount of
moisture
loss.
4)
Egg
Shell
:
It is
the
outer
covering of
the egg
and
is
composed
of
calcium carbonate
CaCo3
(94%), and (4%)
protein
and is covered
with as many as
1700-7500
tiny pores
on
it which helps in
gaseous
exchange
required
for
embryo
development.
The
s
h
ell
i
s
c
o
v
e
r
ed
by
a
thin
tr
a
nsp
a
rent
p
rotein
coa
t
ing,
called
c
u
t
i
c
l
e
,
I
t
g
i
v
e
s
n
a
t
u
r
a
l
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
shell
pores.
Chemical
Composition
Nutritive
Value
of
Egg
Egg
contains
almost
all nutrients
in
balanced
proportion.
Egg
is
rich
in
protein
and
low
in
caloric
value.
E
g
g
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
i
s
a
n
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
v
a
l
u
e
a
n
d
i
t
i
s
o
f
t
e
n
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
f
o
r
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
i
t
y
o
f
o
t
h
e
r
f
o
o
d
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
s
.
B
.
V
.
o
f
e
g
g
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
i
s
9
5
,
m
i
l
k
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
8
5
a
n
d
m
e
a
t
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
7
0
.
The
high
biological value of
egg protein is
due
to
its amino
acid
makeup.
Most
of
the
essential
amino
acids
required
by
human
beings
are
present
in
egg
in
balanced
proportion.
Chemical
Composition
Nutritive
Value
of
Egg
Almost
all
vitamins
are
present
in
eggs
excepting
vitamin
C.
The
fat
soluble
vitamins(like
A,
D,
E)
are
mainly
concentrated
in
the
yolk
part.
water
soluble
vitamins
(mainly
B2,B6,
BI2
,
pantothenic
acid,
niacin)
are
present
both
in
the
albumen
and
yolk
parts
of
egg.
Egg
is
very
rich
in
vitamin
D
content.
Chemical
Composition
Nutritive
Value
of
Egg
minerals
like
calcium,
magnesium,
potassium,
sodium,
chlorine,
sulphur,
zinc,
copper
and
iodine
are
present
in
lesser
extent.
Egg
is
also known
for its
fatty
acids.
The saturated and unsaturated
fatty
acids
and
cholesterol are mainly present
in
the yolk
portion
of
the
egg.
Eggs in poultry management consist of the yolk, albumen, shell membrane, and shell. The yolk is the yellow center surrounded by the vitelline membrane. The albumen makes up most of the egg and has two layers - outer thin white and inner thick white with chalazae. The shell membrane and shell protect the egg, while the air cell forms at the large end. The egg shell is composed mainly of calcium carbonate with tiny pores for gas exchange.
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Presentation Transcript
Poultry management First stage Structure of Egg Assistant Lecturer Sara S. Mohammed
Structure of Egg The egg consists of :- 1) yolk. 2) albumen or egg white. 3) shell membrane. 4) shell.
1)Yolk: A rounded yellowish colored material is present at the center of egg, it is called egg yolk and is enclosed by a thin membrane called vitelline membrane which is colorless. It accounts for about 31 % of the total egg weight.
GerminalDisk: A small, circular, white spot (3-4mm) on the surface of the yolk, it s where the sperm enters the yolk, and it s called blastoderm in fertile egg and blastodisc in infertile egg.
2) Albumen or Egg White: The albumen accounts for about 58% of the total egg weight. The albumen consists of two layers: a) outer thin white. b) inner thick white. The inner thick white layer (chalaziferous layer). Two thick spiral band are emerged from chalazae. of albumen is also known as this layer, known as
Chalazae: Two emerged from chalaziferous layer. They are joining the yolk to the ends of the shell to hold the yolk in the centre of the egg. Prominent chalazae high quality egg (fresher the egg). thick spiral band are indicate
3) Shell Membrane shell membranes membrane and inner shell membrane. They form a protective barrier against bacteria. and about 11 % constitute weight. two outer shell The shell shell membranes of total egg
AirCell: It is the pocket of air formed at the large end of the egg. This is caused by the contraction of the contents on cooling after the egg is laid. The air cell increases with the age of the egg as there is amount of moisture loss. considerable
4) Egg Shell: It is the outer covering of the egg and is composed of calcium carbonate CaCo3 (94%), and (4%) protein and is covered with as many as 1700-7500 tiny pores on it which helps in gaseous exchange required for embryo development. The shell is covered transparent protein cuticle, It gives natural protection to the shell pores. by a thin called coating,
Chemical Composition Nutritive Value of Egg Egg contains almost all nutrients in balanced proportion. Egg is rich in protein and low in caloric value. Egg protein is an excellent quality protein of high biological value and it is often used as a standard for measuring the quality of other food proteins. B.V. of egg protein is 95, milk protein 85 and meat protein 70. The high biological value of egg protein is due to its amino acid makeup. Most of the essential amino acids required by human beings are present in egg in balanced proportion.
Chemical Composition Nutritive Value of Egg Almost all vitamins are present in eggs excepting vitamin C. The fat soluble vitamins(like A, D, E) are mainly concentrated in the yolk part. water soluble vitamins (mainly B2,B6, BI2 , pantothenic acid, niacin) are present both in the albumen and yolk parts of egg. Egg is very rich in vitamin D content.
Chemical Composition Nutritive Value of Egg minerals like calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulphur, zinc, copper and iodine are present in lesser extent. Egg is also known for its fatty acids. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol are mainly present in the yolk portion of the egg.
