Spectrum Sharing Techniques Overview
How do you share spectrum?
Overview of relevant regulation and technical enablers
Jarno Pinola
VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland
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05/03/2025
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Contents
Background
•
Licensed spectrum and regulation
•
Spectrum sharing techniques
•
Dynamic licensed access
•
RAN sharing techniques
•
Related work
EuWireless project
•
High-level architecture
•
Needs and requirements
•
Spectrum sharing enhancements
•
RAN sharing enhancements
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Integration to the overall architecture
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Background
Why EuWireless needs dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing?
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Licensed spectrum and
regulation
•
Realistic large scale field test and pilots with mobile technologies and
services rely on the availability of licensed spectrum
•
Availability of equipment and testing sites
•
Current regulatory environment in Europe is heterogeneous and based
on fixed-term exclusive rights
•
The available spectrum and means to acquire it vary from country to county
•
Pan-European dynamic spectrum sharing framework needed in order
to realise the EuWireless vision
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Spectrum sharing techniques
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Individual authorisation, i.e. licensed access
•
Fixed term licensed access
•
Dynamic licensed access
•
Light licensing
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General authorisation, i.e. unlicensed or license-exempt access
•
Opportunistic access
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Dynamic licensed access
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Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in Europe
•
A license holder (incumbent) can share spectrum with a mobile
communication system under certain rules and on non-interfering basis
•
Current candidate channels in Europe are 2.3 – 2.4 GHz, but in the future, they
can extend beyond the IMT bands
•
Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) in the US
•
Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC) is used as an additional source of
information for incumbent protection
•
Targeting the 3.5 GHz frequency band
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RAN sharing techniques
•
To facilitate the deployment of the dynamic spectrum sharing, other
Radio Access Network (RAN) resources can also be shared
•
Joint Radio Resource Management (RRM) enables coordinated
transmissions and interference management in legacy networks
•
Software-Defined RAN (SD-RAN) enables further decomposition of
RAN functionalities and centralised control in future networks
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Related work
•
Dynamic spectrum sharing
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EU H2020/5G-PPP: ADEL, SPEED-5G, METIS/METIS-II, COHERENT
•
Standardization: CEPT ECC, FCC, ETSI, 3GPP
•
Industry forums: WINNF
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RAN sharing
•
EU H2020/5G-PPP: 5G-NORMA/5G-MoNArch, SESAME/5G-ESSENCE
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Standardization: 3GPP, IEEE
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Industry forums: NGMN, ORAN, TIP
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EuWireless project
How EuWireless will implement dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing?
05/03/2025
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High-level architecture
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Needs and requirements
•
EuWireless experimenter must be able to create end-to-end slices over
the joint EuWireless and MNO infrastructure
•
In RAN, both the spectrum and RRM must be configurable
•
For spectrum, selection of frequency, time and location
•
For RRM, selection of functionalities and parameters
•
The EuWireless operator must handle all the paper work and offer a
one stop shop portal for the experimenters
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Spectrum sharing enhancements
1/2
•
For the standardised dynamic spectrum sharing methods, EuWireless
must define a hierarchical approach to manage both the spectrum
controllers and databases
•
In order to guarantee interference free operation towards MNOs,
EuWireless should consider to utilise more sophisticated spectrum
sensors also for spectrum sharing methods, which do not yet include
them, i.e. LSA
05/03/2025
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Spectrum sharing enhancements
2/2
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Hierarchical structure of the
EuWireless spectrum manager
Spectrum sharing enhancements
2/2
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Hierarchical structure of the
EuWireless spectrum manager
RAN sharing enhancements 1/3
•
For the joint RRM and/or centralised RAN resource management,
EuWireless must define functional components supporting the utilised
virtualisation platform for both legacy and future systems
•
From the architecture point of view, EuWireless is taking into account
the recent advances in RAN virtualisation in order to be in line with
the standardization and industry trends
05/03/2025
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RAN sharing enhancements 2/3
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Network entities and interfaces for
joint RRM in 4G architecture
RAN sharing enhancements 2/3
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Network entities and interfaces for
joint RRM in 4G architecture
RAN sharing enhancements 3/3
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Network entities and interfaces for
centralised RAN resource
management in 5G architecture
RAN sharing enhancements 3/3
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Network entities and interfaces for
centralised RAN resource
management in 5G architecture
Integration to the overall
architecture
•
Where to place the high-level spectrum managers and databases in the
spectrum sharing hierarchy?
•
Maximise local performance
•
Minimise global signalling overhead
•
What RAN functionalities can actually be virtualised and managed
from a centralised controller?
•
Non-real-time stuff: Virtual Network Functions (VNF) + SDN for sure!
•
Near-real-time stuff: VNFs + SDN possible for many use cases
•
Real-time stuff: Physical Network Functions (PNF) and point to point links
still required
05/03/2025
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Thank you!
Jarno Pinola
VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland
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This overview discusses the regulation and technical enablers for sharing spectrum, focusing on licensed spectrum, dynamic licensed access, and spectrum sharing techniques. Learn about the importance of dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing, as well as the need for a pan-European framework. Explore the various spectrum sharing techniques such as licensed access, light licensing, and opportunistic access. Discover how Licensed Shared Access (LSA) and the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) facilitate spectrum sharing in Europe and the US.
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Presentation Transcript
How do you share spectrum? Overview of relevant regulation and technical enablers EuWireless project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No777517 Jarno Pinola VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland More info at www.euwireless.eu and info@euwireless.eu 05/03/2025 1 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Contents Background EuWireless project Licensed spectrum and regulation High-level architecture Spectrum sharing techniques Needs and requirements Dynamic licensed access Spectrum sharing enhancements RAN sharing techniques RAN sharing enhancements Related work Integration to the overall architecture 05/03/2025 2 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Background Why EuWireless needs dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing? 05/03/2025 3 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Licensed spectrum and regulation Realistic large scale field test and pilots with mobile technologies and services rely on the availability of licensed spectrum Availability of equipment and testing sites Current regulatory environment in Europe is heterogeneous and based on fixed-term exclusive rights The available spectrum and means to acquire it vary from country to county Pan-European dynamic spectrum sharing framework needed in order to realise the EuWireless vision 05/03/2025 4 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Spectrum sharing techniques Individual authorisation, i.e. licensed access Fixed term licensed access Dynamic licensed access Light licensing General authorisation, i.e. unlicensed or license-exempt access Opportunistic access 05/03/2025 5 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Dynamic licensed access Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in Europe A license holder (incumbent) can share spectrum with a mobile communication system under certain rules and on non-interfering basis Current candidate channels in Europe are 2.3 2.4 GHz, but in the future, they can extend beyond the IMT bands Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) in the US Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC) is used as an additional source of information for incumbent protection Targeting the 3.5 GHz frequency band 05/03/2025 6 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
RAN sharing techniques To facilitate the deployment of the dynamic spectrum sharing, other Radio Access Network (RAN) resources can also be shared Joint Radio Resource Management (RRM) enables coordinated transmissions and interference management in legacy networks Software-Defined RAN (SD-RAN) enables further decomposition of RAN functionalities and centralised control in future networks 05/03/2025 7 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Related work Dynamic spectrum sharing EU H2020/5G-PPP: ADEL, SPEED-5G, METIS/METIS-II, COHERENT Standardization: CEPT ECC, FCC, ETSI, 3GPP Industry forums: WINNF RAN sharing EU H2020/5G-PPP: 5G-NORMA/5G-MoNArch, SESAME/5G-ESSENCE Standardization: 3GPP, IEEE Industry forums: NGMN, ORAN, TIP 05/03/2025 8 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
EuWireless project How EuWireless will implement dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing? 05/03/2025 9 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
High-level architecture 05/03/2025 10 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Needs and requirements EuWireless experimenter must be able to create end-to-end slices over the joint EuWireless and MNO infrastructure In RAN, both the spectrum and RRM must be configurable For spectrum, selection of frequency, time and location For RRM, selection of functionalities and parameters The EuWireless operator must handle all the paper work and offer a one stop shop portal for the experimenters 05/03/2025 11 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Spectrum sharing enhancements 1/2 For the standardised dynamic spectrum sharing methods, EuWireless must define a hierarchical approach to manage both the spectrum controllers and databases In order to guarantee interference free operation towards MNOs, EuWireless should consider to utilise more sophisticated spectrum sensors also for spectrum sharing methods, which do not yet include them, i.e. LSA 05/03/2025 12 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Spectrum sharing enhancements 2/2 User Interface EuW Spectrum Manager Hierarchical structure of the EuWireless spectrum manager EuW Spectrum Database Local Spectrum Manager (Country 1) Local Spectrum Manager (Country 2) Spectrum Database Spectrum Database RRM RRM MNO Network MNO Network RAN RAN 05/03/2025 13 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Spectrum sharing enhancements 2/2 User Interface EuW Spectrum Manager Hierarchical structure of the EuWireless spectrum manager EuW Spectrum Database Local Spectrum Manager (Country 1) Local Spectrum Manager (Country 2) Spectrum Database Spectrum Database RRM RRM MNO Network MNO Network RAN RAN 05/03/2025 14 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
RAN sharing enhancements 1/3 For the joint RRM and/or centralised RAN resource management, EuWireless must define functional components supporting the utilised virtualisation platform for both legacy and future systems From the architecture point of view, EuWireless is taking into account the recent advances in RAN virtualisation in order to be in line with the standardization and industry trends 05/03/2025 15 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
RAN sharing enhancements 2/3 EPC MME/S-GW MME/S-GW E-UTRAN Network entities and interfaces for joint RRM in 4G architecture S1 S1 S1 X2-U gNB gNB X2 eNB eNB 05/03/2025 16 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
RAN sharing enhancements 2/3 EPC MME/S-GW MME/S-GW E-UTRAN Network entities and interfaces for joint RRM in 4G architecture S1 S1 S1 X2-U gNB gNB X2 eNB eNB 05/03/2025 17 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
RAN sharing enhancements 3/3 5GC NG NG NG-RAN gNB gNB CU CU E1 Xn E1 Network entities and interfaces for centralised RAN resource management in 5G architecture CU-CP CU-UP CU-CP CU-UP F1-C F1-U F1-C F1-U DU DU F2 F2 RU RU 05/03/2025 18 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
RAN sharing enhancements 3/3 5GC NG NG NG-RAN gNB gNB CU CU E1 Xn E1 Network entities and interfaces for centralised RAN resource management in 5G architecture CU-CP CU-UP CU-CP CU-UP F1-C F1-U F1-C F1-U DU DU F2 F2 RU RU 05/03/2025 19 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Integration to the overall architecture Where to place the high-level spectrum managers and databases in the spectrum sharing hierarchy? Maximise local performance Minimise global signalling overhead What RAN functionalities can actually be virtualised and managed from a centralised controller? Non-real-time stuff: Virtual Network Functions (VNF) + SDN for sure! Near-real-time stuff: VNFs + SDN possible for many use cases Real-time stuff: Physical Network Functions (PNF) and point to point links still required 05/03/2025 20 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
Thank you! EuWireless project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No777517 Jarno Pinola VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland More info at www.euwireless.eu and info@euwireless.eu 05/03/2025 21 TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia
