Seeds of Change: Government, Science, and Enlightenment in European History
Unit 1
Seeds of Change
Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2:
Ideas About Government
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas
Supplement:
Geography/Maps
QoD - What is the
Purpose of
Government?
DEFINITION of Government
“The political direction and
control exercised over the
members of society”
Government is necessary
for the existence of a
civilized society
Ancient Greeks:
“To improve the lives of
the citizens”
European Government Through the 1700’s
Monarchies most powerful
Autocratic Rule – One
person has unlimited
authority
Great divide between the
“haves” and “have-nots”
with very little chance for
people to change this
What does science have to
do with this change?
Scientific
Revolution
A new way of looking at the
natural world, based on
OBSERVATION
and a
willingness to
QUESTION
accepted beliefs
THE CHURCH
Loses a lot of power
WHY???
Belief vs Fact
Scientific Method
A new, logical approach
to collecting and analyzing
data
BELIEF vs FACT 2
1.
Question
2.
Hypothesis
3.
Test
4.
Analysis
Heliocentric vs
Geocentric
Theories of
the Universe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=REUdlA44vuY
Geocentric
Heliocentric
As a result of the
Scientific Revolution,
People begin to question…..
EVERYTHING!
Even Their Own Government!!
“Is it logical that a king…”
VoD - Do We Need Government?
Yes or No?
Create an argument for each
response with at least three supporting
pieces of evidence
“Those that desire to give up freedom in order to
gain security will not have, nor do they deserve,
either one.”
Benjamin Franklin
The Age of Reason
AKA
The Enlightenment
Late 1600’s thru the mid 1800’s
Philosophers apply logic,
reason and scientific
approach to all other areas
of life
“Enlightened Thinkers”
The Philosophes
Enlightenment Ideas
Liberty
Equality
Natural Rights
Logic and reason
Etc….
There is Revolution on
people’s minds
No monarchy is safe
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS
Absolute monarchs
embraced reforms
brought on by the
Enlightenment
People are born with rights
that they relinquish to the
government in return for
security and protection.
Asks the questions…
What were people’s lives like
in The State of Nature ?
This is the “True state of
mankind”
What were people like
BEFORE civilized society and
laws?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Av6R8QfgZ48
The Social Contract
Leviathan
People are born
evil &
selfish
so….they need a
strong gov’t (Monarchy)
Social Contract THEORY
The purpose of gov’t is to
keep law and order
Because people had no say in
their government, they could do
nothing if the leader abused
his/her power
“
The condition of man... is a
condition of war of
everyone
against everyone.”
Thomas Hobbes
Two Treatises on Gov’t
People are
good
and born with
Three Natural Rights
Life, Liberty, Property
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmLthd5Bvf4
The purpose of the government is
to protect individual liberties and
rights IF NOT, the people may
overthrow the gov’t
(REVOLT)
“All mankind... being all equal and
independent, no one ought to
harm another in his life, health,
liberty or possessions.”
John Locke
The Social Contract
People should govern
themselves, but most forms
of governments prohibit it
State of Nature – when
people lived uncorrupted
by society (utopia?)
“Imagine”
“Man is born free and
everywhere he is in chains”
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
Candide
A Realistic portrayal of the
life of the people
Attacked the Catholic Church
Freedom of:
Religion
Expression
Separation of Church and State
“I do not agree with what you
say, but I will defend to the
death your right to say it”
Voltaire
On the Spirit of Laws
Checks and balances
Separation of powers
“Power should be a
check to power”
Baron
Montesquieu
A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman
Equal rights for women –
better education
needed for a society
based on reason and
logic
“Strengthen the female
mind by enlarging it, and
there will be an end to
blind obedience.”
Side note:
Her daughter is Mary
Shelley (
Frankenstein
)
Mary
Wollstonecraft
QoD
When it comes to the nature of
mankind, based on your own
experiences, do you believe people are
born evil, or born good?
Nature or Nurture ?
“The Prince”
and Machiavelli
If you were a “Prince”,
would you rather be
feared or loved
?
Consider
Your president
Your boss
Your teacher
Your coach
Your parents
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Prince
About leaders (“Princes”)
he saw in his travels
A “guidebook” for rulers
They S/B Shrewd, Manipulative & Selfish
Princes are NOT concerned
with what is morally right,
but in maintaining their own
power
“The ends justify the means”
Unit 1 Writing Assessment
Choose three of the following prompts and answer in a minimum of
two paragraphs each. Use specific information from class to support
your responses
Explain the relationship
between the scientific
revolution and people’s new
desire for change in their
governments.
Explain the idea of the Social
Contract and give two
examples of when it was
broken, one from history and
one from the contemporary
world.
If you were a “Prince”
would you rather be
Feared or Loved by your
people? Explain your
answer. How does your
answer match up to
Machiavelli’s ideas about
leadership?
Analyze the following
quote by Benjamin Franklin
and explain how it relates
to the Enlightenment Ideas;
which Ideas does this
quote specifically address?
“Those that desire to give up freedom in order
to gain security will not have, nor do they
deserve, either one.”
QoD - What is the Purpose of Government?
Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect
union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
In your words – 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the
Preamble
1.
France
2.
Poland
3.
Vietnam
4.
Cuba
5.
Pakistan
6.
Israel
7.
Congo
8.
North Korea
9.
Argentina
10.
Afghanistan
11. Kigali
12. Moscow
13. Washington DC
14. Hiroshima
15. Mediterranean Sea
16. Suez Canal
17. Panama Canal
18. Deng’s 4 Modernizations
19. The Battle of El Alamein
20. The Salt March
XTRA CREDIT (2 parts, must
get BOTH Correct!!)
CB South AND THE
YEAR IT
OPENED ITS DOORS TO
STUDENTS
Map Quiz
Explore the evolution of government, scientific revolution, and Enlightenment ideas in Europe through monarchies, the Scientific Revolution's impact on society, and the Age of Reason. Uncover the shift towards questioning authority and the pursuit of logic and reason. Delve into the significance of government for civilized society, the rise of scientific inquiry, and the philosophical underpinnings of the Enlightenment era.
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Presentation Transcript
Unit 1 Seeds of Change Ch. 6 Sections 1 and 2: Ideas About Government Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Supplement: Geography/Maps
QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? DEFINITION of Government The political direction and control exercised over the members of society Government is necessary for the existence of a civilized society Ancient Greeks: To improve the lives of the citizens
European Government Through the 1700s Monarchies most powerful Autocratic Rule One person has unlimited authority Great divide between the haves and have-nots with very little chance for people to change this What does science have to do with this change?
Scientific Revolution A new way of looking at the natural world, based on OBSERVATION and a willingness to QUESTION accepted beliefs THE CHURCH Loses a lot of power WHY??? Belief vs Fact
Scientific Method A new, logical approach to collecting and analyzing data BELIEF vs FACT 2 Geocentric 1. 2. 3. 4. Question Hypothesis Test Analysis Heliocentric vs Geocentric Theories of the Universe https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=REUdlA44vuY Heliocentric
http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:aHcKtJ9KB_L7aM:http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/817594/2/istockphoto_817594_question_01.jpghttp://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:aHcKtJ9KB_L7aM:http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/817594/2/istockphoto_817594_question_01.jpg As a result of the Scientific Revolution, People begin to question .. EVERYTHING! Even Their Own Government!! Is it logical that a king
VoD - Do We Need Government? Yes or No? Create an argument for each response with at least three supporting pieces of evidence Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. Benjamin Franklin
The Age of Reason AKA The Enlightenment Late 1600 s thru the mid 1800 s Philosophers apply logic, reason and scientific approach to all other areas of life Enlightened Thinkers The Philosophes
Enlightenment Ideas Liberty Equality Natural Rights Logic and reason Etc . There is Revolution on people s minds No monarchy is safe ENLIGHTENED DESPOTS Absolute monarchs embraced reforms brought on by the Enlightenment
The Social Contract People are born with rights that they relinquish to the government in return for security and protection. Asks the questions What were people s lives like in The State of Nature ? This is the True state of mankind What were people like BEFORE civilized society and laws? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Av6R8QfgZ48
Leviathan People are born evil & selfish so .they need a strong gov t (Monarchy) Social Contract THEORY The purpose of gov t is to keep law and order Because people had no say in their government, they could do nothing if the leader abused his/her power The condition of man... is a condition of war ofeveryone against everyone. Thomas Hobbes
Two Treatises on Govt People are good and born with Three Natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmLthd5Bvf4 The purpose of the government is to protect individual liberties and rights IF NOT, the people may overthrow the gov t (REVOLT) All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions. John Locke
The Social Contract People should govern themselves, but most forms of governments prohibit it State of Nature when people lived uncorrupted by society (utopia?) Imagine Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire Candide A Realistic portrayal of the life of the people Attacked the Catholic Church Freedom of: Religion Expression Separation of Church and State I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it
On the Spirit of Laws Baron Montesquieu Checks and balances Separation of powers Power should be a check to power
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman Equal rights for women better education needed for a society based on reason and logic Mary Wollstonecraft Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience. Side note: Her daughter is Mary Shelley (Frankenstein)
When it comes to the nature of mankind, based on your own experiences, do you believe people are born evil, or born good? Nature or Nurture ? QoD
The Prince and Machiavelli If you were a Prince , would you rather be feared or loved? Consider Your president Your boss Your teacher Your coach Your parents
Niccolo Machiavelli http://proguitarshop.com/media/cms/blog/prince-purple-rain.jpg The Prince About leaders ( Princes ) he saw in his travels A guidebook for rulers They S/B Shrewd, Manipulative & Selfish Princes are NOT concerned with what is morally right, but in maintaining their own power The ends justify the means
Explain the relationship between the scientific revolution and people s new desire for change in their governments. If you were a Prince would you rather be Feared or Loved by your people? Explain your answer. How does your answer match up to Machiavelli s ideas about leadership? Explain the idea of the Social Contract and give two examples of when it was broken, one from history and one from the contemporary world. Analyze the following quote by Benjamin Franklin and explain how it relates to the Enlightenment Ideas; which Ideas does this quote specifically address? Those that desire to give up freedom in order to gain security will not have, nor do they deserve, either one. Unit 1 Writing Assessment Choose three of the following prompts and answer in a minimum of two paragraphs each. Use specific information from class to support your responses
QoD - What is the Purpose of Government? Preamble to the U.S. Constitution We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. In your words 5 purposes of government that are discussed in the Preamble
11. Kigali 12. Moscow 13. Washington DC 14. Hiroshima 15. Mediterranean Sea 16. Suez Canal 17. Panama Canal 18. Deng s 4 Modernizations 19. The Battle of El Alamein 20. The Salt March 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Afghanistan France Poland Vietnam Cuba Pakistan Israel Congo North Korea Argentina XTRA CREDIT (2 parts, must get BOTH Correct!!) Map Quiz CB South AND THE YEAR IT OPENED ITS DOORS TO STUDENTS
