Scala: A Multi-Paradigmatic Language
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COMP 4210
David J Stucki
Get Scala 4
th
ed. text asap
Read chapters 1-3 for Monday (or asap)
Download, install, & become familiar with IntelliJ (with Scala addin)
You should join CS Club!!
4TH ANNUAL WOMEN
IN STEM PANEL
TUESDAY, JAN. 26
4:00-5:00 PM
Register via Handshake
https://otterbein.joinhandshake.com/
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) (in Lausanne, Switzerland)
Martin Odersky, in 2001, began working on a new language
He previously had worked on Generic Java (added to Java 5) and implemented the
GJ compiler that became the basis of the javac compiler
Scala was designed to be both
functional
and
object-oriented
from the beginning,
and was also designed as a
statically typed language
that would
run on the JVM
.
A public version was released in 2004, with version 2 following in 2006.
The current version is 2.13.4
What does it mean to be
object-oriented
?
Objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, overloading, encapsulation, info-hiding, ...
What does it mean to be
functional
?
Mathematics, recursion, side-effects, first-class functions, lambda functions (literals), ...
What does it mean to be
statically-typed
?
Type annotation, type inference, mutable & immutable, type-checking, ...
What does it mean to
run on the JVM
?
Java bytecode (.class), interoperability, ‘run everywhere’, ...
Functional programming has its origins in the 1930s research of Alonzo Church and
the 1958 introduction of John McCarthy’s LISP language
Object-oriented programming has its origins in the 1960s language Simula and
Alan Kay’s Smalltalk of the 1970s
Historically these paradigms have been independent and largely incompatible
Modern languages such as Ruby & Python have incorporated aspects of both (and
Java and Scheme have both evolved to include both), but none of these fully
integrated the two paradigms
Scala is fully object-oriented: every value is an object
Scala is fully functional: every function is a value (including methods)
The language design incorporated modern abstractions that allow the language to
be easily extended in ways that make new features ‘look and feel’ like they are
built in syntactically even though they are not.
Methods can be named with non-traditional non-identifier symbols and be defined
to use operator syntax
In fact,
every
operator in Scala is really a method
Ex:
recipient ! msg
(see chapter 1)
Ex:
mywhile (i < 1) {...
New types can also be cleanly integrated into Scala’s natural syntax
The language can ‘grow’ organically without becoming cumbersome.
Runs on the JVM
(Compatible)
Can use any Java code in Scala
Almost as fast as Java (within 10%)
Much shorter code
(Concise)
Odersky reports 50% reduction in most code over Java
Local type inference
Fewer errors
(Safe)
No Null Pointer problems
More flexibility
(Fun)
As many public classes per source file as you want
Operator overloading
in
Java 1.5:
Pair p =
new
Pair<Integer, String>(1, "Scala");
in
Scala:
val
p =
new
MyPair(1, "scala");
Let’s play around with it a bit...
Scala is a powerful language designed by Martin Odersky that seamlessly blends object-oriented and functional programming paradigms. With origins in the 1930s and a release in 2004, Scala runs on the JVM, offering features like type inference, first-class functions, and full object orientation. Its multi-paradigmatic nature sets it apart, integrating both functional and object-oriented approaches, making it a versatile choice for modern software development.
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Presentation Transcript
INTRODUCTION TO SCALA COMP 4210 David J Stucki
ALERTS Get Scala 4thed. text asap Read chapters 1-3 for Monday (or asap) Download, install, & become familiar with IntelliJ (with Scala addin) You should join CS Club!!
Panelists: 4TH ANNUAL WOMEN IN STEM PANEL TUESDAY, JAN. 26 4:00-5:00 PM Carol Ventresca, President & CEO, Syngenics Reagan Nemec, Virtual Maturation Engineer, Honda Sarah Hoagland, Tax Manager, SchneiderDowns Allie Brackbill, Customer Support Manager, CEM Corp. Dr. Nita Seibel, Head of the Pediatric Solid Tumor Therapeutics, National Cancer Institute Alexis McQueen, Software Engineer, JP Morgan Chase Register via Handshake https://otterbein.joinhandshake.com/ Moderated by Dr. Elena Caruthers, Assistant Professor, Engineering
HISTORY cole Polytechnique F d rale de Lausanne (EPFL) (in Lausanne,Switzerland) Martin Odersky, in 2001, began working on a new language He previously had worked on Generic Java (added to Java 5) and implemented the GJ compiler that became the basis of the javac compiler Scala was designed to be both functional and object-oriented from the beginning, and was also designed as a statically typed language that would run on the JVM. A public version was released in 2004, with version 2 following in 2006. The current version is 2.13.4
SCALA BY DESIGN What does it mean to be object-oriented? Objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, overloading, encapsulation, info-hiding, ... What does it mean to be functional? Mathematics, recursion, side-effects, first-class functions, lambda functions (literals), ... What does it mean to be statically-typed? Type annotation, type inference, mutable & immutable, type-checking, ... What does it mean to run on the JVM? Java bytecode (.class), interoperability, run everywhere , ...
MULTI-PARADIGMATIC Functional programming has its origins in the 1930s research of Alonzo Church and the 1958 introduction of John McCarthy s LISP language Object-oriented programming has its origins in the 1960s language Simula and Alan Kay s Smalltalk of the 1970s Historically these paradigms have been independent and largely incompatible Modern languages such as Ruby & Python have incorporated aspects of both (and Java and Scheme have both evolved to include both), but none of these fully integrated the two paradigms Scala is fully object-oriented: every value is an object Scala is fully functional: every function is a value (including methods)
SCALA...BLE The language design incorporated modern abstractions that allow the language to be easily extended in ways that make new features look and feel like they are built in syntactically even though they are not. Methods can be named with non-traditional non-identifier symbols and be defined to use operator syntax In fact, every operator in Scala is really a method Ex: recipient ! msg (see chapter 1) Ex: mywhile (i < 1) {... New types can also be cleanly integrated into Scala s natural syntax The language can grow organically without becoming cumbersome.
WHY SCALA? (IF YOURE NOT ALREADY CONVINCED...) Runs on the JVM Can use any Java code in Scala Almost as fast as Java (within 10%) (Compatible) Much shorter code Odersky reports 50% reduction in most code over Java Local type inference (Safe) No Null Pointer problems (Fun) As many public classes per source file as you want Operator overloading (Concise) Fewer errors in Java 1.5: Pair p = new Pair<Integer, String>(1, "Scala"); More flexibility in Scala: val p = new MyPair(1, "scala");
DEMO Let s play around with it a bit...
