Sales Promotions: Chapter Overview, Consumer Promotions, and Influencing Brand Purchases

 
Sales Promotions
 
Chapter 12
 
Chapter Overview
 
 
Consumer promotions
Directed to individuals/
businesses that use product
Trade promotions
Directed to channel members
Can differentiate a brand
Use varies – product life cycle
 
Push/Pull Promotions
 
Pull:
aimed at
consumers –
consumer
promotions
 
Push:
aimed at
channel
members –
trade
promotions
Manufacturer
Wholesaler/
distributors
Consumers
Retailers
 
Consumer Promotions
 
Coupons
Premiums
Contests and sweepstakes
Refunds and rebates
Sampling
Bonus packs
Price-offs
 
Coupons
 
Over 188 billion distributed
Less than 1% redeemed
Average value ~ $1.50
Savings of $2.25 billion
 
Coupon Usage
 
Always ~ 21%
Sometimes ~ 37%
Rarely ~ 17%
Never ~ 25%
 
Coupon usage
80% of households use
67% willing to switch brands
 
Influencing Brand Purchases
 
Sampling
   
7.8
Word-of-mouth
  
7.2
Coupons
   
5.9
Advertising
   
5.6
Contests
   
1.2
 
On a scale of 1 to 10, the following are
the top five influences on the brand
purchased by a consumer.
 
Source: The Second Annual Survey of Consumer Preferences for Product Sampling, Santella &
Associates (Http://www.santella.com/marketing.htm).
 
Types of Coupons
 
Instant redemption
Lead to trial purchase
Bounce back
Encourage repeat purchase
Scanner-delivered
Encourage brand switching
Cross-ruffing
 
Coupon Distribution
 
Manufacturers issue about 80%
Freestanding inserts – 88%
Freestanding and print most popular
Create brand awareness
Encourage next trip purchase
Digital coupons growing
Users more affluent, better educated
 
Coupon Distribution
 
Print media (90%)
FSI (88%)
Direct mail
On- or in-package
In-store
Scanner-delivered
Digital
Employee/Sales staff
 
Percentage of Sales with a Coupon
 
Disposable diapers
   
~17%
 
Detergents
     
~15%
Meal starters
    
~14%
Dough products (refrigerated)
 
~14%
Cereal
     
~13%
Wrapping materials, bags
  
~13%
Oral hygiene products
   
~12%
Household cleaners
   
~12%
 
Product category
 
 
  
    % of sales using
     
manufacturer’s coupon
 
Coupon Redemption Rates
 
Instant redeemable
    
~39%
Bounce-back, In-Pack
   
~23%
Electronic shelf
     
~18%
Instant redeemable – cross ruff
  
~17%
On-pack
      
  ~5%
Direct mail
     
   ~4%
Handout
      
   ~3%
Free-standing inserts
    
   ~1%
 
Type of coupon
   
     
Percent Redeemed
 
Source: Santella & Associates
 
Problems with Coupons
 
Reduced revenues
Used by brand preference
consumers (80%)
“Necessary evil”
 
Premiums
 
Free-in-the-mail
In- or on-package
Store or manufacturer
Self-liquidating
Don’t expect premiums to
increase short-term profits
 
 
Contests and Sweepstakes
 
Contests
Require activity, skill
Can require purchase
Sweepstakes
Random chance
Must publish odds
Cannot require purchase
Enter as many times as desired
 
 
Refunds and Rebates
 
Refunds – soft goods
Rebates – hard goods
Hassle to redeem
Now expected by consumers
Redemption rates
30% overall
65% for rebates over $50
 
Sampling
 
In-store distribution
Direct sampling
Response sampling
Cross-ruff sampling
Professional sampling
 
 
33% who tried a sample made a purchase during
same shopping trip
58% would buy product again
25% bought product instead of intended brand
 
Benefits of Sampling
 
Target specific markets/audience!
 
Introduce new products
Encourage trial
Generate leads
Collect information
Boost sales
 
Bonus Packs
 
Increase usage of product
Match or preempt competition
May lead to stockpiling
Develop customer loyalty
Attract new users
Encourage brand switching
 
 
Typical bonus packs  are special multi-packs or
packages with extra 20- 100 % of product.
 
Price-Offs
 
Benefits:
Stimulate sales
Entice trial
Reduces customer financial risk
Encourages brand switching, stockpiling
Problems:
Negative impact on profit
Encourages price-sensitivity
Potential impact on brand image
 
 
 
 
 
Temporary price reduction
 
Planning Consumer Promotions
(
Pull)
 
Advertising vs. Sales Promotion
 
Advertising more profitable, high
growth, and premium priced
brands.
Sales Promotion significant in less
popular, low growth, mid to lower
priced brands.
 
Planning Consumer Promotions
(Pull)
 
Retailers’ incentive to
participate:
 
Increase store traffic
Increase store sales
Attract new customers
Increase basket size
 
Trade Promotions
(Push)
 
Types of trade promotions
Trade allowances
Trade contests
Trade incentives
Trade shows
 
For manufacturers, trade promotions
Accounts for 70% of marketing budget
Often 2
nd
 largest expense
Accounts for 17.4% of gross sales
 
Trade Allowances
 
Types:
Off-invoice allowance
Price discount
35% of all trade dollars
Slotting fees
Exit fees
 
Trade allowances: financial incentives to
channel members – may be passed on to
other members of channel
 
Slotting & Exit Fees
 
Retailer justification
Cost to add new products to inventory
Requires shelf space
Simplifies decision about new products
Adds to bottom line
Manufacturer objections
Form of extortion
Divert money from advertising and marketing
Detrimental to small manufacturers
 
 
4% of retailers use exit fees, 82% use slotting fees
 
Trade Allowance
Complications
 
Failure to pass allowances on to retail
customers
Only occurs 52% of the time
Retailers like only one brand on-deal at a time
Forward buying
Pass savings on or pocket higher margin
Additional carrying costs
Diversion
Segmentation strategy nullified
Additional shipping costs
 
Trade Contests
 
Used to achieve specific sales targets.
Funds known as “spiff money.”
Rewards can be prizes or cash.
Can be designed for various channel
members.
Some channel members do not allow
trade contests because of possible
conflict of interests.
 
Trade Incentives
 
12-28
 
Cooperative
merchandising
agreement
 
Premium or bonus pack
 
Co-op advertising
programs
 
Trade
Incentives
 
Cooperative Merchandising
 Agreement
 
Formal agreement
Popular with manufacturers
Retailer must perform marketing
functions
Manufacturer maintains control
Longer-term commitments
Benefit retailers
Schedule calendar promotions
 
Cooperative Advertising
 
Manufacturer pays part of retailer’s costs
Retailer must follow specific guidelines
No competing brands
Retailers accrue monies
Amount is based on sales
Allows retailers to expand advertising
Manufacturers gain exposure in local
markets
 
Trade Shows
 
Business to Business venue
Consumer & BtB goods
Few deals finalized
Increase in international shows
National shows being replaced by
regional and niche shows
Niche shows
better prospects, Lower costs
 
Trade Shows -  Attendees
 
Education seekers
Reinforcement seekers
Solution seekers
Buying teams
Power buyers
Competitive interests
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Dive into the world of sales promotions with a focus on consumer promotions, coupons, influencing brand purchases, and various types and distribution methods of coupons. Discover the impact of promotions on consumer behavior and brand loyalty.

  • Sales Promotions
  • Consumer Promotions
  • Coupons
  • Brand Influence
  • Marketing

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  1. Sales Promotions Chapter 12

  2. Chapter Overview Consumer promotions Directed to individuals/ businesses that use product Trade promotions Directed to channel members Can differentiate a brand Use varies product life cycle

  3. Push/Pull Promotions Push: aimed at channel members trade promotions Manufacturer Wholesaler/ distributors Retailers Pull: aimed at consumers consumer promotions Consumers

  4. Consumer Promotions Coupons Premiums Contests and sweepstakes Refunds and rebates Sampling Bonus packs Price-offs

  5. Coupons Over 188 billion distributed Less than 1% redeemed Average value ~ $1.50 Savings of $2.25 billion

  6. Coupon Usage Coupon usage 80% of households use 67% willing to switch brands Always ~ 21% Sometimes ~ 37% Rarely ~ 17% Never ~ 25%

  7. Influencing Brand Purchases On a scale of 1 to 10, the following are the top five influences on the brand purchased by a consumer. Sampling Word-of-mouth Coupons Advertising Contests 7.8 7.2 5.9 5.6 1.2 Source: The Second Annual Survey of Consumer Preferences for Product Sampling, Santella & Associates (Http://www.santella.com/marketing.htm).

  8. Types of Coupons Instant redemption Lead to trial purchase Bounce back Encourage repeat purchase Scanner-delivered Encourage brand switching Cross-ruffing

  9. Coupon Distribution Manufacturers issue about 80% Freestanding inserts 88% Freestanding and print most popular Create brand awareness Encourage next trip purchase Digital coupons growing Users more affluent, better educated

  10. Coupon Distribution Print media (90%) FSI (88%) Direct mail On- or in-package In-store Scanner-delivered Digital Employee/Sales staff

  11. Percentage of Sales with a Coupon Product category % of sales using manufacturer s coupon Disposable diapers Detergents Meal starters Dough products (refrigerated) Cereal Wrapping materials, bags Oral hygiene products Household cleaners ~17% ~15% ~14% ~14% ~13% ~13% ~12% ~12%

  12. Coupon Redemption Rates Type of coupon Percent Redeemed Instant redeemable Bounce-back, In-Pack Electronic shelf Instant redeemable cross ruff On-pack Direct mail Handout Free-standing inserts ~39% ~23% ~18% ~17% ~5% ~4% ~3% ~1% Source: Santella & Associates

  13. Problems with Coupons Reduced revenues Used by brand preference consumers (80%) Necessary evil

  14. Premiums Free-in-the-mail In- or on-package Store or manufacturer Self-liquidating Don t expect premiums to increase short-term profits

  15. Contests and Sweepstakes Contests Require activity, skill Can require purchase Sweepstakes Random chance Must publish odds Cannot require purchase Enter as many times as desired

  16. Refunds and Rebates Refunds soft goods Rebates hard goods Hassle to redeem Now expected by consumers Redemption rates 30% overall 65% for rebates over $50

  17. Sampling In-store distribution Direct sampling Response sampling Cross-ruff sampling Professional sampling 33% who tried a sample made a purchase during same shopping trip 58% would buy product again 25% bought product instead of intended brand

  18. Benefits of Sampling Target specific markets/audience! Introduce new products Encourage trial Generate leads Collect information Boost sales

  19. Bonus Packs Increase usage of product Match or preempt competition May lead to stockpiling Develop customer loyalty Attract new users Encourage brand switching Typical bonus packs are special multi-packs or packages with extra 20- 100 % of product.

  20. Price-Offs Temporary price reduction Benefits: Stimulate sales Entice trial Reduces customer financial risk Encourages brand switching, stockpiling Problems: Negative impact on profit Encourages price-sensitivity Potential impact on brand image

  21. Planning Consumer Promotions (Pull) Advertising vs. Sales Promotion Advertising more profitable, high growth, and premium priced brands. Sales Promotion significant in less popular, low growth, mid to lower priced brands.

  22. Planning Consumer Promotions (Pull) Retailers incentive to participate: Increase store traffic Increase store sales Attract new customers Increase basket size

  23. Trade Promotions (Push) Types of trade promotions Trade allowances Trade contests Trade incentives Trade shows For manufacturers, trade promotions Accounts for 70% of marketing budget Often 2nd largest expense Accounts for 17.4% of gross sales

  24. Trade Allowances Trade allowances: financial incentives to channel members may be passed on to other members of channel Types: Off-invoice allowance Price discount 35% of all trade dollars Slotting fees Exit fees

  25. Slotting & Exit Fees Retailer justification Cost to add new products to inventory Requires shelf space Simplifies decision about new products Adds to bottom line Manufacturer objections Form of extortion Divert money from advertising and marketing Detrimental to small manufacturers 4% of retailers use exit fees, 82% use slotting fees

  26. Trade Allowance Complications Failure to pass allowances on to retail customers Only occurs 52% of the time Retailers like only one brand on-deal at a time Forward buying Pass savings on or pocket higher margin Additional carrying costs Diversion Segmentation strategy nullified Additional shipping costs

  27. Trade Contests Used to achieve specific sales targets. Funds known as spiff money. Rewards can be prizes or cash. Can be designed for various channel members. Some channel members do not allow trade contests because of possible conflict of interests.

  28. Trade Incentives Cooperative merchandising agreement Trade Incentives Premium or bonus pack Co-op advertising programs 12-28

  29. Cooperative Merchandising Agreement Formal agreement Popular with manufacturers Retailer must perform marketing functions Manufacturer maintains control Longer-term commitments Benefit retailers Schedule calendar promotions

  30. Cooperative Advertising Manufacturer pays part of retailer s costs Retailer must follow specific guidelines No competing brands Retailers accrue monies Amount is based on sales Allows retailers to expand advertising Manufacturers gain exposure in local markets

  31. Trade Shows Business to Business venue Consumer & BtB goods Few deals finalized Increase in international shows National shows being replaced by regional and niche shows Niche shows better prospects, Lower costs

  32. Trade Shows - Attendees Education seekers Reinforcement seekers Solution seekers Buying teams Power buyers Competitive interests

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