Safety Regulation of PBN Operations Workshop Insights

Safety regulation of performance-based navigation (PBN) operations is crucial for Instrument Rated (IR) pilots to ensure safe and efficient IFR flying. This includes specific requirements and privileges, such as minimum decision heights, airworthiness approval, mature systems, and suitable training standards. The workshop also discusses the history and significance of MNPS operations, emphasizing the importance of meeting specific requirements for operating in NAT-MNPS airspace. Additionally, the workshop addresses the semantics and standardization of authorization, approval, and specific approval in aviation regulations.

• PBN operations
• Safety regulation
• IR pilots
• MNPS operations
• Authorization

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1. Safety Regulation of PBN Operations Filippo Tomasello Rulemaking officer 25 May 2011

2. Specific approval is not the normal solution Instrument Rated (IR) pilots normally authorized (by law): FCL.605 IR Privileges ref. EASA Opinion 04/2010; 27 Aug 2010: (a) fly aircraft in IFR with minimum DH of 200 ft (b) In case of multi-engine IR, even lower when the applicant has undergone specific training (c) . Rule FCL.605 (and all other EASA rules for FCL) is expected to be adopted by the European Commission during 2011 but national rules in the EU, based on JAR-FCL are similar Underlying assumptions: operations well established in the community; suitable training programmes for IR; airworthiness certification; safe radio-navigation signal; etc . 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 2

3. 8 requirements behind privileges Aircraft (and avionics) has airworthiness approval covering the envisaged IFR operations OPS of not challenging complexity Concept/systems mature (= operationally used since a sufficient number of years = not new ) Associated risk is tolerable, including 5. Accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity of radio- navigation signals 6. Safety oversight of procedure designers 7. Accuracy and integrity of NAV data base 8. Suitable training standards and (periodic) checking procedures for pilots established 1. 2. 3. 4. 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 3

4. MNPS operations were new in 1977 FAA AC 91-49 (23 Aug 1977) d. Lateral separation in NAT-MNPS airspace is reduced (1978) from 120 NM to 60 NM = more complexity e. decided by ICAO that all operators desiring to use MNPS must show that equipment and procedures are capable of continuously complying with specifications U.S. operators to FAA (= to competent authority) Operators who have long-range navigation equipment installed (and certified) may be issued Letters of Authorization to operate in NAT-MNPS airspace The 8 requirements were not satisfied Specific Approval (SPA) 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 4

5. Authorization, Approval or SPA? Is the semantics sufficiently standardised? No definitions in Annex 6 for authorization, acceptance, approval or specific approval a normal case seems to exist: Par. 2.2.4.7 of Part II (Intl GA) .. aeroplanes in IFR shall comply with instrument approach procedures approved by the State specific is used in particular cases: Par. 2.2.2.2 of Part II to fly below aerodrome minima 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 5

6. General authorization through rules Par 2.3.1.1 Annex 6 Part II An aeroplane shall be operated: a) In compliance with the terms of its airworthiness certificate or equivalent b) Within the operating limitations prescribed by the certifying authority of the State of Registry c) . And of course by a pilot enjoying sufficient privileges Par 2.4.11 Annex 6 Part II All turbine-engined authorisedto carry more than nine passengers . No SPA known for No of pax The word authorization in Annex 6 does NOT necessarily mean SPA 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 6

7. Is approval always specific? Par. 3, Attach 3.B to Annex 6 Part II The State should indicate through approval of a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) . Is the approval of the MEL specific ? 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 7

8. Authorization for PBN Par 2.5.2.2 Annex 6 Part II For PBN operations, in addition: a) Equipment compliant with the PBN specification b) Authorized by State of Registry States have several choices Authorization can be issued: Through general rules Through OPS spec attached to AOC for CAT operators (of course not for G.A.) As privilege to IR pilots (when all the other requirements are fulfilled), including for aerial work and general aviation Through a Specific Approval (e.g. letter of authorisation) ..etc. 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 8

9. General rules in EU OPS Regulation 859/2008 (applies only to operators of CAT by aeroplanes): 1.175 General for air operator certification (c) 3. satisfy Authority that can conduct safe operations (g) 2. procedures for the supervision of operations (l) ensure that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Operations Manual (n) ensure that aeroplanes are equipped and crews are qualified for the area and type of operation (o) comply with the maintenance requirements Many possibilities for approvals/oversight 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 9

10. Appendix 1 to EU OPS 1.175 Contents of the Air Operator Certificate: (c) Description of the type of operations authorised (f) Authorised areas of operation (g) Special limitations Normal authorization or special approval are almost the same x CAT? (h) Special authorisations/approvals e.g.: CAT II/CAT III (including approved minima) (MNPS) Minimum navigation performance specifications (ETOPS) Extended range operation twin engined aeroplanes (RNAV) Area navigation (RVSM) Reduced vertical separation minima Transportation of dangerous goods Authorisation to provide cabin crew safety training 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 10

11. PBN in EU OPS 1.243 Operation in areas with specified navigation performance requirements (a) Operator shall ensure that an aeroplane operated where navigation performance requirements have been specified, is certified according to these requirements, and Possible non-uniformity if required, that the Authority has granted the relevant operational approval (b) Operator shall ensure that all contingency procedures, specified by the authority, have been included in the Operations Manual 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 11

12. EASA OPS Rules Apply to: CAT (by aeroplane or helicopter) SPO (= aerial work) NCC = Non-Commercial Operators of Complex aircraft (e.g. business or corporate aviation) NCO= Non-Commercial Operators of non-complex aircraft (e.g. light and sport private aviation) Much larger scope than EU OPS (= JAR OPS 1) NPA 2009-02b proposed SPA (of unlimited validity) for certain types of operations, including: PBN B-RNAV (RNAV 5) 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 12

13. NPA 2009-02b (January 2009) OPS.SPA.001.SPN Operations in areas with specified performance based navigation (SPN) (a), (b) only if the operator has been approved by the competent authority Uniform common rules (c) To obtain approval operator shall: (1) demonstrate navigation equipment functionality (2) training programme for the flight crew (3) establish operating procedures specifying: (i) equipment to be carried, including MEL (ii) crew composition and experience (iii), (iv) normal and contingency procedures (v) incident reporting (vi) specific regional procedures, in case of MNPS (vii) navigation database integrity, in case of PBN 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 13

14. CRD 2009-02b.4 (November 2010) Part SPA SPA.PBN.100 PBN operations Aircraft shall only be operated where performance-based navigation (PBN) is established, if the operator has been granted an approval by the competent authority No specific approval is required for RNAV5 (basic area navigation, B-RNAV) Opinion to be delivered during 2011 Adoption expected in 2012 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 14

15. SPA for PBN in EASA OPS (CRD) Operation AMC Specific Op. Approval CAT SPO Y Y No No Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y NCC Y No Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y NCO Y No Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y RNAV 10 RNAV 5 (B) RNAV 2 RNAV 1 (P) RNP 4 Basic RNP 1 APCH/LNAV APCH/L/VNAV APCH/LPV RNP AR 20-12 20-4 // 20-16 // 20-XX 20-27 20-27 20-28 20-26 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 15

16. Data providers contracted ICAO SARPs Regional/National safety rules National competent authority Safety oversight Safety oversight Air Operator Air Operator Safety oversight Safety oversight Contracted NAV Data Provider 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 16

17. Evolution RNP APCH in Europe (excluding AR) Requirement No Topic 2009 1 Airworthiness No AMC 2 Complexity No more complex than ILS Cat I 3 Maturity PBN not explicit in EU OPS 4 Risks RNP also includes on board monitoring 5 GNSS Signal in Space responsibilities 6 Procedure designers provisions 7 Data bases Responsibility of operator 8 Competence of pilots Year 2011 AMC 20-27 2013 +AMC 20-28 PBN in draft EASA SPA EASA OPS in force No clear legal EGNOS SSP certified Art 2.2(c)(ii) Reg. 73/2010 EASA oversight No common EU EASA rules No common EU provisions EASA FCL amended + OSD 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 17

18. The will of the EU legislator Whereas: In its Communication of 15 November 2005 entitled Extending the tasks of the European Aviation Safety Agency an agenda for 2010 , the Commission announced its intention to progressively extend the tasks of the European Aviation Safety Agency ("the Agency"), with a view towards a "total system approach", to aerodrome/airport safety and interoperability, Air Navigation Services ("ANS") and Air Traffic Management ("ATM") Recital 1 EASA BR 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 18

19. Certification of avionics not sufficient Segment Constituents/Elements Classification and borders of airspace volumes ATS routes (including instrument procedures) Published AIS Navigation Data Integrated Nav. (avionics) Navigation receiver(s) Nav. Signal in Space (SIS) Ground segment Information to ATCOs Airport Lights Responsibility of State aviation authority Airspace Airspace designers** AIS Providers* Data providers** Manufacturers & Air Operators Airborne Space NAV SP* Ground ATS provider* Aerodrome operators** 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 19

20. Navigation Service in SES Regulations 549 and 550/2004 Facilities and services that provide aircraft with positioning and timing (Art. 2.30; 549) GNSS clearly fells into this definition NAV providers (= NSP) can be individually certified (Art. 7.3; 550) No identical requirement exist for other transport modes EGNOS initiated before ( . unfortunately!!!!) Planning for certification of Galileo NSP should initiate as soon as possible . EASA available to advise 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 20

21. Certified NAV data providers ICAO SARPs Regional/National safety rules Regional/National competent authority Safety over sight Safety over sight Safety over sight SATNAV SP Certified Data Provider Air Operator 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 21

22. Operational Suitability Data (OSD) GNSS has changed NAV NAV has a tradition for specific approval (SPA) SPA has unlimited validity Even COM is evolving (e.g. data link) But for COM no SPA is required OSD allows to define (and mandate) specific training requirements: Whenever there is a relevant change key elements under responsibility of the (S)TC holder Implementation of said requirements is checked through regular oversight of pilots/operators http://www.easa.europa.eu/rulemaking/docs/crd/2009/CR D%202009- 01%20(EN,%20comment%20response%20summary%20a nd%20resulting%20text).pdf Rules for OSD in force in 2012 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 22

23. Conclusion All aviation operations require approval/authorization ( normal or specific ) For CAT operators several ways (AOC, OPS Spec, Manual, etc ) For G.A. the easiest way is through pilot s privileges When the 8 safety requirements . are not satisfiedSPA Opinion for EASA OPS will follow CRD (= only BRNAV exempted from SPA) but EASA is drafting Pre-RIA for new task MDM.062 in order to replace the SPA for some PBN OPS (e.g. straight in RNP APCH) OSD is an emerging concept, possibly safer than SPA 25 May 2011 ICAO EUR PBN Workshop 23

24. Thanks for the attention Questions?