Qualitative Research Paradigms Overview
qualitative research (2)
Walter Lorenz
Inquiry paradigms
Inquiry paradigms
Inquiry paradigms
Inquiry paradigms
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Reflectivity - a central tool to accompany all research
(best done in dialogue with a “critical friend” – supervisor?!)
•
Reflectivity is an attitude of attending systematically to the
context
of
knowledge construction, at every step of the research process.
•
The process means reflecting critically on the “self” of the researcher,
•
on the “human instrument” (own background, preferences, feelings, sources
of knowledge, position in society etc. );
•
On the conscious experiencing of the (multiple) self of the researcher as both
inquirer and respondent, as teacher and learner,
•
as the one coming to
know the self
within the processes of research itself
(
doing research alters not just
what you know
but
who you are
).
Steps in reflectivity
1.
Reflectivity:
awareness of specific perceptions, meanings, behaviours
2.
Affective reflectivity
: awareness of how the individual
feels
about what is
being perceived, thought or acted upon
3.
Discriminant reflectivity
: Assessing the
efficacy
of perception
4.
Judgmental reflectivity
: Making and becoming aware of the
value
of
judgements made (in a negative and positive sense)
5.
Conceptual reflectivity
: assessing the extent to which the concepts
employed are adequate for the specific position taken
6.
Psychic reflectivity:
recognition of the habit of making percipient
judgements on the basis of
limited information (“intuitions”)
7.
Theoretical reflectivity;
awareness of why one set of perspectives is more
or less adequate to explain personal experience than another.
Planning a research project- general considerations
In qualitative research, various paradigms such as Positivism, Postpositivism, Critical Theory, Constructivism, Participatory, and more shape the methodologies, epistemologies, and ontologies used to explore different aspects of reality. Each paradigm offers a unique approach to understanding the world, with implications for how knowledge is constructed and interpreted. These paradigms guide researchers in their inquiry processes, influencing the types of questions asked, methods employed, and interpretations made.
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Presentation Transcript
qualitative research (2) Walter Lorenz
Inquiry paradigms Item Positivism Postpositivism Critical theory Constructivism /participatory Ontology Na ve realism Epistemology Dualist, objectivist Methodology Experimental, verification of hypotheses, chiefly quantitative
Inquiry paradigms Item Positivism Postpositivism Critical theory Constructivism /participatory Ontology Na ve realism Critical realism - real reality only imperfectly knowable Epistemology Dualist, objectivist Modified dualist, community dependent, probable truth Methodology Experimental, verification of hypotheses, chiefly quantitative Modified experimental, falsification of hypotheses, quantitative /qualitative
Inquiry paradigms Item Positivism Postpositivism Critical theory Constructivism /participatory Ontology Na ve realism Critical realism - real reality only imperfectly knowable Historical realism, reality shaped by social, cultural etc. values Epistemology Dualist, objectivist Modified dualist, community dependent, probable truth Transactional, subjectivist Methodology Experimental, verification of hypotheses, chiefly quantitative Modified experimental, falsification of hypotheses, quantitative /qualitative Dialogic / dialectical
Inquiry paradigms Item Positivism Postpositivism Critical theory Constructivism /participatory Ontology Na ve realism Critical realism - real reality only imperfectly knowable Historical realism, reality shaped by social, cultural etc. values Relativism, local specific, co- constructed realities Epistemology Dualist, objectivist Modified dualist, community dependent, probable truth Transactional, subjectivist Transactional, subjectivist, created findings Methodology Experimental, verification of hypotheses, chiefly quantitative Modified experimental, falsification of hypotheses, quantitative /qualitative Dialogic / dialectical Hermeneutical / dialectical
Examples: Research position topic method positivism Relationship between Covid isolation and mental health Questionnaires, online survey, look at statistics (psychiatric admissions)
Examples: Research position topic method positivism Relationship between Covid isolation and mental health Questionnaires, online survey, look at statistics (psychiatric admissions) postpositivism Differential effect of home-working on women and men Questionnaire, structured interviews, survey of newspaper reports, social media topics, overview
Examples: Research position topic method positivism Relationship between Covid isolation and mental health Questionnaires, online survey, look at statistics (psychiatric admissions) postpositivism Differential effect of home-working on women and men Questionnaire, structeured interviews, survey of newspaper reports, social media topics, overview Critical theory Effects of home-schooling on children with disability Narrative interviews, statistics, focus groups, campaigning to test inclusive suggestions by participants
Examples: Research position topic method positivism Relationship between Covid isolation and mental health Questionnaires, online survey, look at statistics (psychiatric admissions) postpositivism Differential effect of home-working on women and men Questionnaire, structeured interviews, survey of newspaper reports, social media topics, overview Critical theory Effects of home-schooling on children with disability Narrative interviews, statistics, focus groups, campaigning to test inclusive suggestions by participants constructivism Employment visions of 16-18 year old pupils Semi-structured qualitative interviews, focus groups, cross generational comparisons
Reflectivity - a central tool to accompany all research (best done in dialogue with a critical friend supervisor?!) Reflectivity is an attitude of attending systematically to the context of knowledge construction, at every step of the research process. The process means reflecting critically on the self of the researcher, on the human instrument (own background, preferences, feelings, sources of knowledge, position in society etc. ); On the conscious experiencing of the (multiple) self of the researcher as both inquirer and respondent, as teacher and learner, as the one coming to know the self within the processes of research itself (doing research alters not just what you know but who you are).
Steps in reflectivity 1. Reflectivity: awareness of specific perceptions, meanings, behaviours 2. Affective reflectivity: awareness of how the individual feels about what is being perceived, thought or acted upon 3. Discriminant reflectivity: Assessing the efficacy of perception 4. Judgmental reflectivity: Making and becoming aware of the value of judgements made (in a negative and positive sense) 5. Conceptual reflectivity: assessing the extent to which the concepts employed are adequate for the specific position taken 6. Psychic reflectivity: recognition of the habit of making percipient judgements on the basis of limited information ( intuitions ) 7. Theoretical reflectivity; awareness of why one set of perspectives is more or less adequate to explain personal experience than another.
