Progress and Plans at JET: Insights from EUROfusion Deputy Head at FPA Meeting
Discussing the progress and upcoming plans at JET, Mr. DC McDonald, on behalf of EUROfusion and as Deputy Head of ITER Physics Department, presents crucial issues like Plasma-Wall Interaction, Transient Events, Access to High Confinement, and ITER Neutronics. Topics cover Tritium Retention with ITER materials, Fuel Retention in Be Castellation Gaps, and Fuel Removal in Co-Deposited Layers, highlighting research and strategies for improved performance.
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Progress and Plans at JET DC. McDonald on behalf of EUROfusion Deputy Head of ITER Physics Department
JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJ High Priority ITER issues: 1. Plasma-Wall Interaction 2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption 3. Access to High Confinement & ITER Neutronics 4. Plans for D-T operation DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 2 of 26
JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJ High Priority ITER issues: 1. Plasma-Wall Interaction 2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption 3. Access to High Confinement & ITER Neutronics 4. Plans for D-T operation DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 3 of 26
Tritium Retention with ITER materials Be, W Simulations reproduce retention rate and deposition pattern 0.3% retention fraction reduction by more than one order of magnitude gas-balance & post- mortem analyses Co-deposition in W-Be layers (2/3) dominates over implantation (1/3) WallDYN [Brezinsek et al Nucl Fusion 2013 Widdowson et al FEC 2016 MPT1-3 Rubel et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-1 Brezinsek et al J. of Nuc. Mat. 2015 and SOFT 2016 ] [Schmid et al NF 2015 ] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 4 of 26
Fuel retention in Be castellation gaps Low contribution (3%) to global fuel inventory Fuel analysis in narrow gaps JET ILW: Sectioning of beryllium limiters 170 000 castellations L 7325 m, S 88m2 ! Fuel retention at the very entrance (<1mm) of grooves no transport deeper into gaps in agreement with modelling Narrow gaps (0.4 mm) minimise retention [Rubel et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-1] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 5 of 26
Fuel Removal in Co-Deposited Layers Low D2 release from thick Be deposit at ITER baking cycle Experiment in agreement with model Role of impurities (C, O2) in deposits to be investigated Optimisation Tritium removal strategy for ITER ? [De Temmerman et al PSI 2016] After 350 C/15h baking cycle Thin Be deposit layers 50% Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy 1 m [Widdowson et al FEC 2016 MPT/1-3] [Tokitani et al SOFT 2016] [Heinola et al FEC 2016 EXP/P6-2, Likonen PSI 2016] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 6 of 26
Comprehensive Dust Particles Survey Collected Dust two orders of magnitude less than JET C-Wall 1.82g Dust collected: vacuum cleaning sticky pad Source Predominantly from W-coated tiles Be melting from disruptions Only 50-70mg from Be co-deposit Unique data set for ITER safety [Fortuna-Zalesna et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-20, Ashikawa et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-10] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 7 of 26
JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJ High Priority ITER issues: 1. Plasma-Wall Interaction 2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption 3. Access to High Confinement & ITER Neutronics 4. Plans for D-T operation DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 8 of 26
ELM First Principle MHD Simulations JOREK simulations at low resistivity/viscosity reproduce experimental trends ELM energy losses Divertor heat flux pattern ELM crash [MW/m2] Synthetic Infra- Red diagnostic [S. Pamela et al FEC 2016 TH/8-2, Futatani et al FEC 2016 TH/P1-25 ] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 9 of 26
ELM Divertor Heat Load Scaling to ITER Multi-machines scaling type-I ELM energy flux // B . 0 52 . 0 16 MJ E 1 . 0 ped . 1 geo 01 . 0 40 . 0 e 75 ped . 0 15 . 0 , e 98 R n T ELM [Eich et al PSI 2016 ] II scal , , 2 m W plasma Proportional to machine size and pedestal pressure Trade-off performance vs material limits ? [Sieglin et al FEC 2016 EX/7-3Ra] Scaling and ITER extrapolation agree with JOREK MHD simulation JOREK [S. Pamela et al FEC 2016 TH/8-2] [see also EU Medium Size Tokamaks Overview by Meyer et al OV/P-12] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 10 of 26
Disruption Mitigation Studies for ITER Disruptions is a Challenge for ITER Operate ITER Disruption Mitigation Systems as on ITER Test ITER disruption avoidance, predictors and control Disruption avoidance by controlling MHD modes Disruption mitigation scheme with ITER-like system Installation of SPI on JET (under international collaboration) DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 11 of 26
Radiation Asymmetry Mitigation ITER: reduction localised radiation on first wall where 80% of energy lost in thermal quench? JET: reduction radiation asymmetry with two top injectors support the current ITER choice One Top Injection Two Top injections Top,S [Lehnen et al Nucl. Fus. 2015, Joffrin et al FEC 2016 EX/9-1] [Jachmich et al EPS & PSI 2016] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 12 of 26
First Principle Disruption Simulations Thermal Quench Simulated with 3-D Non-Linear MHD JOREK code JET N 86887 , t=5.7ms after MGI Growth of magnetic island chains Stochastic layer Fast loss of thermal energy [Nardon et al EPS/PPCF 2016, Nardon et al Nucl. Fus. 2016, Fil et al PoP 2015] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 13 of 26
JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJ High Priority ITER issues: 1. Plasma-Wall Interaction 2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption 3. Access to High Confinement & ITER Neutronics 4. Plans for D-T operation DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 14 of 26
H-mode Access with ITER Wall Materials Doppler Backscattering Er Stationary Zonal Flows measured during edge barrier formation Radial scale wave numbers kr i 0.4 0.8 Importance of divertor configuration SOL Er B in 2D fluid/neutral EDGE2D- EIRENE simulations Role of SOL physics for L-H transition [Chankin et al PSI 2016, Delabie et al APS 2015] [Hillesheim et al PRL 2016 Hillesheim et al FEC 2016 EX/5-2] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 15 of 26
ITER Non-Active Operation: H-mode Access Non-linear mass dependence on L-H power threshold Fine mass scan 2 1 via H/(H+D) control Trace He quantity in H-plasma: Significant PL-H reduction Impact on ITER non- active phase to be investigated Meff D-D H-H 2 1.5 1 helium campaign ? [Nunes et al FEC 2016 Post Deadline Proposal Hillesheim et al FEC 2016 EX/5-2] [Pscal from ITPA scaling J. Phys. (2008)] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 16 of 26
ITER Operation: H-Mode Density Limit H-mode Density limit consistent with Goldston s prediction [Goldston J of Nuc Materials 2015] H-mode Density Limit Mass dependence M9/16 Weak power dependence H-mode Density limit D-D SOL MHD instability Wider ITER operational boundaries in T-T and D-T When Meff : PL-H & nDL/nGW H-H [Goldston Nuc. Fus 2012, Eich et al PRL 2011 & Nuc Fus 2013] [Huber et al FEC 2016 Post Deadline Proposal] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 17 of 26
High-Triangularity ITER H-mode Operation First time, with the ILW, stationary (5s) ITER Baseline Operation at high- ( av 0.4) achieved at 2MA/2.2T New high- configuration optimized for pumping H=1-1.1, q95=3.2, N=1.8-2.1, P/PL-H 2 but n/nGW 0.5 2014 data reduced pumping [Sips et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-42] [De La Luna et al FEC 2016 EX/P6-11] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 18 of 26
JET ITER Like Wall Operation: 61h/540GJ High Priority ITER issues: 1. Plasma-Wall Interaction 2. Transient events: ELM & Disruption 3. Access to High Confinement & ITER Neutronics 4. Plans for D-T operation DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 19 of 26
JET Prospects for D-T Operation Core transport modelling with TGLF: strong isotope effect on performance to be validated in T-T and D-T experiments Validation of TGLF in D-D [Staebler et al Phys Plasma 2005] Integrated core/pedestal simulations Ti (keV) Pfus(D-D)=11MW Pfus(D-T)=16MW Ptot =40MW Top pedestal from exp. [Garcia et al EPS /PPCF 2016 , Budny et al FEC 2016 TH/P2-16, Weisen et al EX/P6-18] [Hyun-Tae Kim et al FEC 2016 TH/P2-17] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 20 of 26
Latest progress ITER Baseline Operation at 30MW 3MA/2.7T 2018/19 Objective 3MA ILW (2016) 3MA ILW (2014) [Nunes PPCF 2016] [Lerche et al October 2016 Exp. ] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 21 of 26
Neutronics for ITER Fusion powermeasurement procedure for ITER Diagnostic calibration with 14MeV neutron source to be deployed by remote handling Validation of ITER codes Shutdown dose rate and neutron streaming codes [Batistoni et al Nucl. Fusion 2015 and SOFT 2016, Villari et al FED 2016] [Horton et al Fusion Eng and Des. 2016] DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 22 of 26
JET D-T campaigns JET on timeline with D-T in 2019-2020 Have developed and reviewed Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to track progress towards JET D-T readiness Progressing well and 2017 work is focused on hitting the KPIs DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 23 of 26
Progress on JET JET results impact the preparation of ITER active and non-active integrated operation Optimise the path towards ITER Q=10 operation Provide a comprehensive fusion nuclear technology case with the surrounding tritium, beryllium and remote handling facilities JET ITER Like Wall operation and its physics understanding require developing an integrated vision Wall materials + Plasma Surface Interaction + SOL + Pedestal + Core physics are strongly coupled New paradigm to be developed beyond simple scaling DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 24 of 26
Plans for JET Up to 2020, focus remains the completion of T-T (2018) and D-T (2019-20) operation in support of ITER Mid-Nov. 2016-2017 shutdown Upgrade Neutral Beam heating components to improve reliability above 30 MW Shattered Pellet Injector for ITER disruption mitigation system (under international collaboration framework) In parallel, a proposal is being elaborated to extend JET as ITER test-bed facility until the start of ITER operation DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 25 of 26
Thank you for your attention on behalf of EUROfusion contributors DC. McDonald | Progress and Plans at JET | FPA meeting | Washington DC, US | 13 Dec 2016 | Page 26 of 26
